CELL STRUCTURE Flashcards
1
Q
What is a cell?
A
A cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms.
2
Q
Who discovered cells?
A
Robert Hooke.
3
Q
In what year were cells first discovered?
A
1665.
4
Q
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
A
True.
5
Q
What are the two main types of cells?
A
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
6
Q
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells do not have a __________.
A
nucleus.
7
Q
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A
To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.
8
Q
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A
Mitochondria.
9
Q
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells? A) No nucleus B) Membrane-bound organelles C) Smaller than prokaryotic cells
A
B) Membrane-bound organelles.
10
Q
What is the function of ribosomes?
A
To synthesize proteins.
11
Q
True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts.
A
True.
12
Q
What structure provides support and protection to plant cells?
A
Cell wall.
13
Q
Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside the cell is called __________.
A
cytoplasm.
14
Q
What is the function of the nucleus?
A
To store genetic material and control cell activities.
15
Q
Multiple choice: Which organelle is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins? A) Golgi apparatus B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Lysosome
A
A) Golgi apparatus.
16
Q
What type of cell is bacteria?
A
Prokaryotic cell.
17
Q
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
A
True.
18
Q
What is the primary role of lysosomes?
A
To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
A
nuclear envelope.
20
Q
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A
To synthesize proteins and lipids.
21
Q
Multiple choice: Which type of cell lacks a true nucleus? A) Animal cell B) Plant cell C) Bacterial cell
A
C) Bacterial cell.
22
Q
What is the function of chloroplasts?
A
To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.
23
Q
True or False: All cells have a cell membrane.
A
True.
24
Q
What are the tiny structures within cells that perform specific functions called?
A
Organelles.
25
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
26
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
To provide structural support and shape to the cell.
27
Multiple choice: Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances? A) Mitochondria B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Ribosomes
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
28
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
29
Who is credited with the discovery of cells?
Robert Hooke
30
In what year did Robert Hooke publish 'Micrographia'?
1665
31
What did Robert Hooke observe to identify cells?
Cork tissue
32
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
33
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.
False
34
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells are generally ______ than eukaryotic cells.
smaller
35
What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
They have a membrane-bound nucleus.
36
Name one type of prokaryotic cell.
Bacteria
37
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.
38
True or False: All eukaryotic cells have cell walls.
False
39
What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
40
Fill in the blank: Plant cells contain ______ that are not found in animal cells.
chloroplasts
41
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Photosynthesis
42
What structure gives plant cells their rigidity?
Cell wall
43
Which type of cell can be unicellular?
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
44
What is the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
Circular DNA (nucleoid region)
45
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be multicellular.
True
46
What type of cells are fungi classified as?
Eukaryotic
47
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
48
Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called ______.
cytoplasm
49
Name a key difference between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
50
What type of cell division occurs in prokaryotes?
Binary fission
51
True or False: Eukaryotic cells contain organelles.
True
52
What organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria
53
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton
54
What is the primary role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein and lipid synthesis
55
Name one type of eukaryotic cell.
Animal cell, plant cell, fungal cell, or protist
56
What structure controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell?
Cell membrane
57
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can have plasmids.
True
58
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
59
Fill in the blank: The ______ is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in a cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
60
What are lysosomes known for?
Digesting waste materials and cellular debris
61
What type of cell has a rigid cell wall made of cellulose?
Plant cell
62
True or False: All cells have DNA.
True
63
What is the primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
To store genetic information
64
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the site of ribosome production in the nucleus.
nucleolus
65
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
66
Name a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells.
Lack of membrane-bound organelles
67
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure
68
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.
True
69
What is the role of the cytoskeleton?
To provide structure and support to the cell
70
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nuclear envelope
71
What process do plant cells use to convert sunlight into energy?
Photosynthesis
72
What are the two main types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough and smooth
73
What is the primary role of the plasma membrane?
To regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell
74
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have complex internal structures.
False
75
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide structure and protection.
76
True or False: Animal cells have a rigid cell wall.
False
77
Fill in the blank: Chloroplasts are found in ______ cells and are responsible for photosynthesis.
plant
78
What organelle is responsible for energy production in both plant and animal cells?
Mitochondria
79
Which type of cell contains a large central vacuole?
Plant cell
80
What structure allows for the transport of materials in and out of the cell?
Cell membrane
81
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells? A) Cell wall B) Lysosome C) Nucleus D) Mitochondria
A) Cell wall
82
What is the jelly-like substance inside both plant and animal cells called?
Cytoplasm
83
True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.
True
84
What structure is responsible for protein synthesis in both types of cells?
Ribosomes
85
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material.
nucleus
86
What is the main difference in the shape of plant cells compared to animal cells?
Plant cells are generally more rectangular, while animal cells are more varied in shape.
87
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins? A) Golgi apparatus B) Ribosome C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Nucleus
A) Golgi apparatus
88
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
To store nutrients and maintain turgor pressure.
89
True or False: Both plant and animal cells contain DNA.
True
90
What pigment is responsible for the green color in plant cells?
Chlorophyll
91
Fill in the blank: The ______ is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
92
What structure in animal cells helps in cell division?
Centrioles
93
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of plant cells? A) Presence of lysosomes B) Presence of chloroplasts C) Presence of multiple small vacuoles D) Irregular shape
B) Presence of chloroplasts
94
What is the role of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell.
95
True or False: Animal cells typically have a fixed shape.
False
96
What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?
To digest waste materials and cellular debris.
97
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton
98
What is the major difference in the number of vacuoles between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells usually have one large central vacuole, while animal cells have smaller, multiple vacuoles.
99
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is involved in lipid synthesis? A) Golgi apparatus B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Ribosome D) Mitochondria
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
100
What is the primary purpose of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and control the movement of substances in and out.
101
Which type of cell has a cell wall?
Plant cell
102
True or False: Animal cells have chloroplasts.
False
103
Fill in the blank: Plant cells typically have a large _______ that stores water and nutrients.
vacuole
104
What structure is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
105
Which cell type generally has a more irregular shape?
Animal cell
106
True or False: Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria.
True
107
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
Provide structure and support
108
Which type of cell contains lysosomes more prominently?
Animal cell
109
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a jelly-like substance found in both plant and animal cells.
cytoplasm
110
What is the role of the nucleus in both plant and animal cells?
Control cell activities and store genetic information
111
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
112
True or False: Plant cells have a more defined shape compared to animal cells.
True
113
What structure helps maintain the shape of an animal cell?
Cytoskeleton
114
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the outermost layer of animal cells.
plasma membrane
115
What is the main purpose of vacuoles in plant cells?
Storage of substances
116
True or False: Animal cells can sometimes have multiple small vacuoles.
True
117
Which type of cell is typically larger?
Plant cell
118
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesize proteins and lipids
119
Fill in the blank: Animal cells rely on _______ for energy production.
mitochondria
120
Which type of cell can perform photosynthesis?
Plant cell
121
True or False: Both plant and animal cells have a Golgi apparatus.
True
122
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
123
Which structure is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in animal cells?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
124
Fill in the blank: The _______ in plant cells is responsible for storing energy as starch.
plastid
125
Which cell type has a contractile vacuole?
Animal cell
126
True or False: Plant cells can store pigments in plastids.
True
127
What is the main role of the plasma membrane?
Regulate what enters and exits the cell
128
Which type of cell has centrioles?
Animal cell
129
Fill in the blank: The _______ is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.
Golgi apparatus
130
True or False: Both plant and animal cells have ribosomes.
True
131
Which type of cell lacks a defined nucleus?
Neither; both have a defined nucleus
132
What is the primary function of chlorophyll?
Absorb light energy for photosynthesis
133
Fill in the blank: Animal cells are generally _______ than plant cells.
smaller
134
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
135
True or False: Plant cells have a flexible cell wall.
False
136
What is the primary role of the cytoskeleton?
Provide structural support and shape to the cell
137
Which type of cell is more likely to have a large central vacuole?
Plant cell
138
Fill in the blank: The _______ helps in cell division in animal cells.
centrosome
139
Which cell type has a rigid structure due to the presence of cellulose?
Plant cell
140
True or False: Animal cells can perform photosynthesis.
False
141
What organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
142
Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Chloroplasts
143
Fill in the blank: Animal cells contain _______ for digestion.
lysosomes
144
What is the primary function of the nucleolus?
Produce ribosomal RNA
145
True or False: Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane.
True
146
Which type of cell is typically more complex in terms of organelles?
Neither; both have complex organelles suited to their functions
147
What is the function of the nucleus in a living cell?
Contains the cell's genetic material. Acts as the control centre, regulating gene expression and cell division.
148
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis and modification.
Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
149
What is the role of the cell membrane?
The outer boundary of the cell. Regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
150
What is the function of mitochondria?
The powerhouse of the cell, generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
151
What do centrioles do?
Involved in organising microtubules and cell division.
152
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids produced by the ER.
153
What is cytoplasm?
The gel-like substance filling the cell, where most cellular activities occur. Contains organelles and is the site of metabolic reactions.
154
What do lysosomes do?
Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste, cellular debris, and foreign materials.
155
What are vacuoles?
Storage compartments for nutrients, waste products, and other materials. Larger in plant cells, where they also maintain turgor pressure.
156
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Sites of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
157
What is the primary function of plant cells in terms of structure?
To provide support and rigidity through cell walls.
158
True or False: Animal cells have a rigid cell wall.
False
159
Fill in the blank: The main component of plant cell walls is __________.
cellulose
160
What type of cells in animals provide structural support?
Connective tissue cells
161
What is the role of the cytoskeleton in animal cells?
To provide structural support and shape to the cell.
162
True or False: Both plant and animal cells can provide structural support.
True
163
Multiple Choice: Which structure helps maintain the shape of a plant cell? A) Nucleus B) Chloroplast C) Cell wall D) Mitochondria
C) Cell wall
164
Fill in the blank: The __________ provides mechanical support and shape to the cell.
cell membrane
165
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of plant cells? A) Lack of chloroplasts B) Presence of a cell wall C) Irregular shape D) All of the above
B) Presence of a cell wall
166
True or False: The cell wall is found in both plant and animal cells.
False
167
What is the primary function of a cell in an organism?
Provides support and structure
## Footnote
All organisms are made up of cells, which form the structural basis of life.
168
What components of a cell provide support and structure?
Cell wall and cell membrane
## Footnote
These components are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the cell and organism.
169
What processes do cells use to produce energy?
Photosynthesis in plants and respiration in animals
## Footnote
Both processes are essential for cellular energy production.
170
Fill in the blank: Cells are known as the _______ of life.
structural and functional unit
## Footnote
This highlights the importance of cells in providing structure and carrying out life processes.
