Cell structure Flashcards
What are all living things made from
Cells
Each of the cell types have the same structure (t or f)
F
What are the kinds of cells
Fungus, plant, animal and bacteria
What does the nucleus do and what has it
It controls cell activities and contains dna.
Plant,animal,fungus
What does the cytoplasm do and what has it
Site of many chemical reactions, and all the cells have it
What does the cell wall do and what cells have it
Gives the cell a rigid structure, and plant, fungus and bacteria have it
What does the cell membrane do and what cells have it
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell, and all the cells have it
What does the chloroplast do and what cells have it
It is the site of photosynthesis and only plant cells have it
What does the vacuole do and what has it
stores cell sap and controls water balance and fungus and plant have it
What does the ribosome do and what cells have it
Site of protein synthesis and all the cells have it
How do molecules move across the cell membrane?
Diffusion, osmosis and active transport
What is the cell membrane composed of and how is it described
It’s composed of lipids and proteins and is described as being selectively permeable which means it allows some substances to pass across it but not all substances.
How does carbon dioxide move out of the cells
Diffusion
What is osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane
How is diffusion important to cells
It is an important strategy to move materials in and out of cells to get raw materials in and and to get rid of waste materials out
What substance’s move into cells by diffusion
Glucose, oxygen and amino acids
What’s the difference between active transport and passive transport
Active transport which means it requires energy from ATP and passive transport does not
Is osmosis active transport or passive
It’s passive
What is a solution often made up of
Often by dissolving a substance in water
Do cells respond differently to treatment in solution
Yes
Pure water does not have a higher concentration than most cells, does it
False
What happens to animal cells when placed solution with a higher water concentration than their cell contents
They burst
What happens to a plant cell if left in a solution with a high water concentration
They become turgid
If placed in a solution with a lower water concentration that the cell contains what would happen to a plant cell
It becomes plasmolysed
If placed in a solution with a lower water concentration that the cell contains what would happen to an animal cell
It would shrink
What does turgid mean
Swollen
What happens to animal and plant cells if the water concentration is the same on the inside and the outside of the cell
Nothing
What is active transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (against the concentration gradient)
How are molecules often pumped across the membrane during active transport
By the proteins in the membrane
Because active transport is dependent on ATP….
…the factors which affect the rate of respiration will also affect the rate of active transport e.g. temperature and oxygen availability
Proteins are very important biological molecules as they:
Control a lot of things that keep the cells functioning
What are proteins made up of
Amino acids
Roughly how many amino acids are there and what do they do when they are arranged
There’s about 20 and when arranged in different combinations they make a very large variety of molecules which are different shapes they make a very large variety of molecules which are different shapes
What are the 3 globular proteins
Enzymes, hormones and antibodies
What is an example of proteins being structural
Keratin in our skin
What are enzymes and how are they produced
They are the body’s defence against diseases and they are produced by the white blood cells to prevent infection
What are hormones and how do they travel
Hormones are chemical messengers which allow different parts of our body to communicate with each other and they travel around the body through the blood
Enzymes are biological catalysts, explain what this means
It means they speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction
They are made by all And have a role to play in most .
Living cells, cellular processes
Explain the lock and key thing with enzymes and their blank
Each enzyme has a different shape which is very important for its function and enzymes work by binding to the molecule needing changed called the substrate an each enzymes only binds to one specific substrate because of the shape only one molecule will fit into the enzymes reaction site
What would use the word specific to do describe
Enzyme
How is the activity of an enzyme impacted by the environment
Depending on things like the PH and tempature
The conditions an enzyme works best at are called
Optimum conditions for that enzyme
