Cell Structure ⭐

Question 1

Label a compound microscope

Answer 1

:)

Question 2

Calculate magnification

Answer 2

Eyepiece lens x Objective lens

Question 3

Protoplasm

Answer 3

All living parts of a cell
Made up of the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Living material in a cell outside the nucleus

Question 5

Animal Cells

Answer 5

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Protoplasm

Question 6

Plant cells

Answer 6

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Protoplasm
Vacuole

Question 7

Label animal cell (ultrastructure)

Answer 7

:)

Question 8

Label plant cell (ultrastructure)

Answer 8

:)

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Made of cellulose
Gives cell strength and less flexible

Question 10

Vacuoles

Answer 10

Contain cell sap (salt, sugars, pigments)
Give strength, shape, and may store materials

Question 11

Chloroplast (plants only)

Answer 11

Green structures in which photosynthesis takes place
Double membranes
Have membrane stacks which contain chlorophyll (green)
Have a loop of DNA

Question 12

Ultrastructure

Answer 12

Detail of a structure using an electron microscope

Question 13

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 13

Shows internal structure in great detail

Question 14

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Answer 14

Provides a surface view of specimen

Question 15

Cell membrane

Answer 15

Phospholipids + proteins

Question 16

Membrane functions

Answer 16

Retain cell contents
Recognize molecules that touch them
Control what enters + leaves
Give some support to cell

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

Contains DNA

The control centre of the cell

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

Arranged into chromosomes

Question 19

Genes

Answer 19

Located along chromosomes
Inform the cell how to make certain proteins
Control no. of fingers, colour of eyes, production of enzymes etc.

Question 20

Chromatin

Answer 20

Chromosomes that are elongated and not dividing

Question 21

Nuclear pores

Answer 21

Allow mRNA (messenger RNA) to pass in and out of the nucleus

Question 22

Nucleolus (plr. Nucleoli)

Answer 22

An area in the nucleus that stains very darkly
Makes ribosomes

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

Jelly-like liquid that surrounds the nucleus
Organelles are dispersed through the cytoplasm (mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes)

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

Supply energy to cell
Surrounded by double membrane, energy is released on the inner membrane
More infoldings = more energy

Question 25

Cell walls (plants only)

Answer 25

Made of cellulose
Fully permeable, all molecules can pass through
Support and strengthen the cell

Question 26

Ribosomes

Answer 26

Makes proteins
Tiny structures made of RNA and protein
Combine amino acids to make proteins

Question 27

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 27

Dont have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 28

Prokaryotic cells traits

Answer 28

Single-celled
Have a circular loop of DNA (not surrounded by membrane)
Have small cells
No membranes and enclosed structures like mitochondria and chloroplast
Include bacteria

Question 29

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 29

Have a nucleus and cell organelles, all of which are enclosed by membranes

Question 30

Eukaryotic traits

Answer 30

Have a nucleus (DNA is enclosed)
May have mitochondria and chloroplast
Have large cells
Include animals, plants, and fungi
Are more advanced