Cell Structure Flashcards
Cells definition
Smallest, basic membrane bound unit of life
Responsible for all of life’s processes
Cell lineage definition
The development history of a tissue in the fertilised egg or embryo through to their fully differentiated state
The pattern of cell division in the development of an organism
Characteristics of prokaryotes
No nuclear envelope
No nucleolus
No his tone proteins with dna
One chromosome
Small cell size
Characteristics of eukaryotes
Nuclear envelope
One or more nucleoli
Hi stones bound to dna
Two or more chromosomes
Larger cell size
Mictrobukes, microfilaments
Characteristics of bacteria
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane and cell wall
Cell wall has peptidoglycan
2 types of glycine chains- N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl MHRA mic acid (NAM)
Cross linking between amino acids
What are gram positive cell wall bacteria?
Stains purple
Thick
Porous and contains trichroic acid
What are gram negative cell wall bacteria?
Thin
Has an extra later if protection outer membrane- porins
Stains pink
Structure and function of pilus in a bacteria
Hair like
Transfer of genetic material
Structure and function of capsule in bacteria
Polysaccharide layer
Contains water to prevent cell from dying out
Protects cell from phagocytosis
Helps adhere to surfaces
Structure and function of cell wall in bacteria
Rigid structure responsible for the characteristic shape
Structure and function of plasma membrane in bacteria
Consists of protein and phospholipid
Transport
Biosynthesis
Structure and function of flagellum in bacteria
Enables movement and chemotaxis
Structure and function of ribosomes in bacteria
Translate the genetic code from dna to amino acids to produce protiens
Structure and function of nucleoid (dna) in bacteria
Regulates growth, reproduction and function of the cell
Structure and function of cytoplasm in bacteria
Fluid that fills up whole cell
Optimal environment for organelles
Structure and function of ribosome in an animal cell
Carry out protein synthesis
Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum in an animal cell
Rough- engaged in protein synthesis
Smooth- lipid metabolism
Large SA
Structure and function of lysosome in an animal cell
Vesicles containing enzymes that break down proteins, lipids and nucleic acid
Structure and function of centriole in an animal cell
Two centrioles= centrosome
Attaches the cells cytoskeleton of microtubu
Structure and function of cytoskeleton in an animal cell
Shape
Movement
Structure and function of Golgi apparatus in an animal cell
Receives vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum
Modify, sort and package
Process of a viral infection- influenza
1) influenza binds to cell surface Stalin acid receptors through its surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA)
2) cell takes up virus by endocytosis
3) vesicles fuses with lysosome
4) virus takes up the lysosome and uses the acidity to break down the coat, HA undergoes structural change and inserts itself into the cell membrane
5) membrane fusion and releases rna
6) intracellular replication
What is a virus
Viruses binds to host cells
Replicate
Genetic instructions in dna/rna
Protein coat (capsid)
