Cell Structure

Question 1

Cells definition

Answer 1

Smallest, basic membrane bound unit of life
Responsible for all of life’s processes

Question 2

Cell lineage definition

Answer 2

The development history of a tissue in the fertilised egg or embryo through to their fully differentiated state
The pattern of cell division in the development of an organism

Question 3

Characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 3

No nuclear envelope
No nucleolus
No his tone proteins with dna
One chromosome
Small cell size

Question 4

Characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 4

Nuclear envelope
One or more nucleoli
Hi stones bound to dna
Two or more chromosomes
Larger cell size
Mictrobukes, microfilaments

Question 5

Characteristics of bacteria

Answer 5

Prokaryotes
Cell membrane and cell wall
Cell wall has peptidoglycan
2 types of glycine chains- N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl MHRA mic acid (NAM)
Cross linking between amino acids

Question 6

What are gram positive cell wall bacteria?
Stains purple

Answer 6

Thick
Porous and contains trichroic acid

Question 7

What are gram negative cell wall bacteria?

Answer 7

Thin
Has an extra later if protection outer membrane- porins
Stains pink

Question 8

Structure and function of pilus in a bacteria

Answer 8

Hair like
Transfer of genetic material

Question 9

Structure and function of capsule in bacteria

Answer 9

Polysaccharide layer
Contains water to prevent cell from dying out
Protects cell from phagocytosis
Helps adhere to surfaces

Question 10

Structure and function of cell wall in bacteria

Answer 10

Rigid structure responsible for the characteristic shape

Question 11

Structure and function of plasma membrane in bacteria

Answer 11

Consists of protein and phospholipid
Transport
Biosynthesis

Question 12

Structure and function of flagellum in bacteria

Answer 12

Enables movement and chemotaxis

Question 13

Structure and function of ribosomes in bacteria

Answer 13

Translate the genetic code from dna to amino acids to produce protiens

Question 14

Structure and function of nucleoid (dna) in bacteria

Answer 14

Regulates growth, reproduction and function of the cell

Question 15

Structure and function of cytoplasm in bacteria

Answer 15

Fluid that fills up whole cell
Optimal environment for organelles

Question 16

Structure and function of ribosome in an animal cell

Answer 16

Carry out protein synthesis

Question 17

Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum in an animal cell

Answer 17

Rough- engaged in protein synthesis
Smooth- lipid metabolism
Large SA

Question 18

Structure and function of lysosome in an animal cell

Answer 18

Vesicles containing enzymes that break down proteins, lipids and nucleic acid

Question 19

Structure and function of centriole in an animal cell

Answer 19

Two centrioles= centrosome
Attaches the cells cytoskeleton of microtubu

Question 20

Structure and function of cytoskeleton in an animal cell

Answer 20

Shape
Movement

Question 21

Structure and function of Golgi apparatus in an animal cell

Answer 21

Receives vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum
Modify, sort and package

Question 22

Process of a viral infection- influenza

Answer 22

1) influenza binds to cell surface Stalin acid receptors through its surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA)
2) cell takes up virus by endocytosis
3) vesicles fuses with lysosome
4) virus takes up the lysosome and uses the acidity to break down the coat, HA undergoes structural change and inserts itself into the cell membrane
5) membrane fusion and releases rna
6) intracellular replication

Question 23

What is a virus

Answer 23

Viruses binds to host cells
Replicate
Genetic instructions in dna/rna
Protein coat (capsid)