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Biology A Level - Paper 1 > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all eukaryotic cells have?

A

A true nucleus
A nuclear envelope surrounding the chromosomes
Membrane-bound organelles
E.g chloroplasts and mitochondria

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2
Q

Describe function of nucleus

A

Controls the activities of the cell/ controls the cell retain genetic material

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3
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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4
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

Site of respiration

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5
Q

What is the function of cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Protein synthesis on a larger scale

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7
Q

What is the function of Golgi apparatus

A

Transports, modify and store proteins and lipids
Produced by the SER and RER

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8
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates

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9
Q

What is the function of lysosome

A

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes that remove useless and harmful materials

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10
Q

What is the function of chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

Structure and support

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12
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope, membrane, nucleoplasm and nucleolus

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13
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes

A

Larger 80s and smaller 70s - in the cytoplasm or with RER

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14
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria

A

Double membrane
Outer= matrix
Inner = cristae

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15
Q

What is the structure of RER

A

Ribosomes are present, lots of folding to increase SA

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16
Q

What is the function of Golgi apparatus

A

Stack of membranes = flattened sacs and small hollow structures nearby called vesicles

17
Q

What is the structure of SER

A

No ribosomes present

18
Q

What is the structure of lysosome

A

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes called lysozymes

19
Q

What is the structure of chloroplast

A

Double membrane
Arranged in stacks (grana) and free space (stoma) to trap light

20
Q

What is the structure of cell wall

A

Made of a tough molecule called cellulose in plants

21
Q

Explain the adaptions a cell can have that aids its function

A

Large surface area- increases rate of transport, maximises the exchange surface. Enables more proteins to be present in the membrane

Mitochondria - increased rate of respiration, increase in energy released, quicker metabolic activities

RER/Golgi - increased protein synthesis, increased transport of proteins and hormones to where needed, increased enzyme production. Increased metabolic activity

Biology A Level - Paper 1 (2 decks)

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