cell structure

Question 1

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 1

Double membrane separates contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Question 2

Where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 2

Nucleolus

Question 3

What is the role of the nucleolus?

Answer 3

Contains Rna, provides instructions for protein synthesis

Question 4

What is chromatin?

Answer 4

Sections of linear DNA wound around histone proteins to form chromosomes.

Question 5

Mitocondrion inner membrane folds to form what?

Answer 5

Cristae

Question 6

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 6

Enzymes needed for aerobic respiration to produce ATP

Question 7

Are mitocondria self-replicating?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm

Question 9

What is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 9

synthesise proteins

Question 10

I am a system of christae-containing membranes which are continuous with the nuclear membrane, What am i?

Answer 10

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What is the role of the SER?

Answer 11

Synthesises lipids such as cholesterol ,steroids and hormones ad sends them to the golgi complex

Question 12

How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum aid protein synthesis?

Answer 12

Provides a large surface area for many ribosomes

Question 13

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Intracellular transport system that packages and transports proteins

Question 14

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

Stacks of membrane-bound flattened sacks

Question 15

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 15

Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them

Question 16

Where are lysosomes formed?

Answer 16

Golgi complex

Question 16

How are proteins and lipids transported from Golgi apparatus?

Answer 16

Golgi vesicles (secretory)

Question 17

what is the role of lysosomes?

Answer 17

Contain powerful hydrolytic (digestive) to engulf unwanted molecules

Question 18

what are centrioles

Answer 18

Bundles of microtubules

Question 19

How are centrosomes formed and what is its function

Answer 19

2 microtubules at right angles to eachother, they organise spindle fibres during cell division

Question 20

What is tubulin

Answer 20

A protein subunit which arrange to become cylindrical and join to become protofilaments

Question 21

How many protofilaments make up a microtubule

Answer 21

13

Question 22

What is the bacterial cell wall made up from

Answer 22

peptidoglycan

Question 23

Give the function of the plant cell wall

Answer 23

it provides structural support to the cell, and prevents turgid cells from bursting

Question 24

What is a thylakoid

Answer 24

A chlorophyll containing molecule surrounded by a double membrane

Question 25

What subcellular structures do chloroplasts contain

Answer 25

circular dna and ribosomes needed for synthesis of proteins

Question 26

Give the role of the nucleus in relation to making a protein

Answer 26

Manufactures ribosomes in the nucleolus, and the production of mRNA through transcription

Question 27

What is the function of ribosomes in making a protein

Answer 27

free mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome on the surface of the rough er

Question 28

How does the rough er transport proteins to the golgi body after folding and processing

Answer 28

Transport vesicles take proteins to the cell surface membrane (plasma membrane)

Question 29

Give the role of the golgi body in relation to making a protein

Answer 29

Modification and secretion

Question 30

How are proteins excreted from the cell

Answer 30

Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane where they are secreted through exocytosis

Question 31

What is the cytoskeleton

Answer 31

A network of protein fibres

Question 32

State the 2 types of protein fibres which compose the cytoskeleton

Answer 32

Microfilaments and Microtubules

Question 33

give the function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton

Answer 33

cell and organelle movement

Question 34

Are microfilaments solid or tubular

Answer 34

solid

Question 35

give the function of microtubules within the cytoskeleton

Answer 35

organelles and cell contents are moved along fibres using atp

Question 36

Are microtubules solid or tubular

Answer 36

tubular

Question 37

State the 3 important functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 37

strengthening and support intracellular movement cellular movement