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biology > cell structure > Flashcards

cell structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

A

Double membrane separates contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

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2
Q

Where are ribosomes produced?

A

Nucleolus

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3
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus?

A

Contains Rna, provides instructions for protein synthesis

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4
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Sections of linear DNA wound around histone proteins to form chromosomes.

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5
Q

Mitocondrion inner membrane folds to form what?

A

Cristae

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6
Q

What does the matrix contain?

A

Enzymes needed for aerobic respiration to produce ATP

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7
Q

Are mitocondria self-replicating?

A

yes

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8
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm

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9
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

synthesise proteins

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10
Q

I am a system of christae-containing membranes which are continuous with the nuclear membrane, What am i?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

What is the role of the SER?

A

Synthesises lipids such as cholesterol ,steroids and hormones ad sends them to the golgi complex

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12
Q

How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum aid protein synthesis?

A

Provides a large surface area for many ribosomes

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13
Q

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Intracellular transport system that packages and transports proteins

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14
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Stacks of membrane-bound flattened sacks

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15
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them

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16
Q

Where are lysosomes formed?

A

Golgi complex

16
Q

How are proteins and lipids transported from Golgi apparatus?

A

Golgi vesicles (secretory)

17
Q

what is the role of lysosomes?

A

Contain powerful hydrolytic (digestive) to engulf unwanted molecules

18
Q

what are centrioles

A

Bundles of microtubules

19
Q

How are centrosomes formed and what is its function

A

2 microtubules at right angles to eachother, they organise spindle fibres during cell division

20
Q

What is tubulin

A

A protein subunit which arrange to become cylindrical and join to become protofilaments

21
Q

How many protofilaments make up a microtubule

A

13

22
Q

What is the bacterial cell wall made up from

A

peptidoglycan

23
Q

Give the function of the plant cell wall

A

it provides structural support to the cell, and prevents turgid cells from bursting

24
Q

What is a thylakoid

A

A chlorophyll containing molecule surrounded by a double membrane

25
Q

What subcellular structures do chloroplasts contain

A

circular dna and ribosomes needed for synthesis of proteins

26
Q

Give the role of the nucleus in relation to making a protein

A

Manufactures ribosomes in the nucleolus, and the production of mRNA through transcription

27
Q

What is the function of ribosomes in making a protein

A

free mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome on the surface of the rough er

28
Q

How does the rough er transport proteins to the golgi body after folding and processing

A

Transport vesicles take proteins to the cell surface membrane (plasma membrane)

29
Q

Give the role of the golgi body in relation to making a protein

A

Modification and secretion

30
Q

How are proteins excreted from the cell

A

Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane where they are secreted through exocytosis

31
Q

What is the cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein fibres

32
Q

State the 2 types of protein fibres which compose the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments and Microtubules

33
Q

give the function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton

A

cell and organelle movement

34
Q

Are microfilaments solid or tubular

A

solid

35
Q

give the function of microtubules within the cytoskeleton

A

organelles and cell contents are moved along fibres using atp

36
Q

Are microtubules solid or tubular

A

tubular

37
Q

State the 3 important functions of the cytoskeleton

A

strengthening and support
intracellular movement
cellular movement

biology (6 decks)

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