Cell structure Flashcards
Nucleus
An organelle which contains the genetic material that controls the cells activity’s. It is surrounded by its own membrane. Found in animal and plant cell.
Cell membrane
This membrane forms the outer surface of the cell and controls the substances that go in and out of the cell. Found in plant and animal cell
Cytoplasm
A gel like substance where most of its cells chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these reactions. Found in plant and animal cells
Mitochondria
Small organelles where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work. Found in plant and animal cells.
Ribosomes
Small organelles where proteins are made in the cell. Found in plant and animal cells.
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis, which makes food for plant. Chloroplast contains a green substance called chlorophyll , which is used in photosynthesis. Not for animal cells but plant
Cell wall
A rigid structure made of cellulose which contains cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane. It supports the cell and strengths it. Not found in animal cell but found in a plant cell.
Vacuole
A large organelle that contains cell sap( a weak solution of sugars and salts) . Helps support the cell.
The process of differentiation
Unspecialised cells or stem cells can divide and produce a lot more stem cells, they differentiation into different types of cells depending on the instructions they are given. They are then specialised.
Cell differentiation
Process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
Different types of stem cells
Embryonic and adult
embryonic stem cells
Can turn into any cell , from the embryo
Adult stem cells
Found in bone marrow, can’t turn into any cell only ones such as blood cells
Advantages of embryonic stem cells
Can replace faulty cells and many other diseases,
Can create many different cells,
It is easy to collect,
Disadvantage of embryonic stem cells
Has a right to life as the embryo dies,
Can have infections
