Cell structure

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

• largest organelle
• contains cell genes which control the cells activities

Question 2

Describe the cytoplasm’s functions

Answer 2

• jelly like substance
• where the cell’s metabolic reactions take place

Question 3

What does the cell membrane do in the cell?

Answer 3

• all cells are surrounded by it
• controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
• often partially permeable

Question 4

What are the functions of the cell wall?

Answer 4

• non living layer on the outside of some cells
• made of carbohydrates eg. cellulose
• provides support

Question 5

Describe the functions of the mitrochondria

Answer 5

• site of aerobic respiration

Question 6

What are the functions of chloroplasts?

Answer 6

• found in green parts of plants
• contains chlorophyll
• absorbs light
• makes sugars in the process of photosynthesis

Question 7

What are the functions of the ribosomes?

Answer 7

• small organelle
• builds protein in a process called transcription

Question 8

What does the vacuole do in the cell?

Answer 8

• found in plants
• large space
• surrounded by a membrane called tonoplast
• filled with liquid called cell sap

Question 9

What are the organelles in an animal cell?

Answer 9

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitrochondria, nucleus, cell membrane

Question 10

What organelles are found in a plant cell?

Answer 10

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitrochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

Question 11

What is the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells?

Answer 11

• cell differentiation - process where a cell changes to become specialised
• stem cells - undifferentiated cells that have the ability to become specialised
• differentiation involves turning off or on different genes
• genes have different functions and will produce different cell types

Question 12

What are the advantages of using stem cells in medicine?

Answer 12

• can treat a wide variety of diseases
• lots of stem cells available - better to use than waste them

Question 13

Describe the disadvantages of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 13

• possible harm to embryo
• may not work - risky
• embryo can’t be asked - embryo’s right to life