Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Spherical, double membrane, pores in membrane, uncoiled chromosomes (chromatin)

Question 2

Ribosome types and size

Answer 2

Free - in cytoplasm
Bound - bound to ER
80S (eu) 70S (pro)

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Composed of 2 subunits, no exterior membrane, dark granule appearance in EM

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Double membrane (outer smooth, inner folded), consists of folds called cristae
70s ribosomes present

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

Long, folded tube-like structure, smooth appearance with no ribosomes attached

Question 6

Rough ER

Answer 6

Series of connected, flattened sacs (cisternae) with ribosomes attached for a rough appearance

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Series of cisternae which are shorter/more curved, stacked on top of one another

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

Composed of cellulose network

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

Double membrane, interior is stacked with thylakoids (a disc of flattened membrane)
Stacks are called granum
70s ribosomes present

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

Single membrane, fluid inside, large and permanent in most of the cell

Question 11

Vesicle

Answer 11

Single membrane, fluid inside, small and temporary

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

Single membrane, high concentration of enzymes = stains are very dark

Question 13

Flagellum

Answer 13

Whip-like structures projecting from the cell, large and one present

Question 14

Cilia

Answer 14

Whip-like structures projecting from the cell, small and multiple present

Question 15

Microtubules

Answer 15

Small and cylindrical fibres, form the core of flagella/cilia

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

Barrel shape, consists of 2 groups of 9 triple microtubules

Question 17

Microvilli

Answer 17

Finger-shaped plasma membrane protrusions