Cell Functions

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Controls all cell activities and stores genetic information in the form of chromosomes

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Produce and assembles the cell’s rRNA and site for rRNA gene transcription

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

1. Produces proteins for function in cytoplasm through protein translation of mRNA
2. Digests and recycles worn out organelles

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Produces ATP via aerobic cell respiration and digests fat as an energy source for energy release

Question 5

Rough ER (rER)

Answer 5

Provides large surface area for production of proteins which are transported via vacuole to Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Smooth ER

Answer 6

Synthesis, stores and transports phospholipids, cellular lipids and sex hormones

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

1. Processes proteins from rER to form lysosomes or secrete through plasma membrane
2. Modifies lipids and proteins

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus Sides

Answer 8

CIS side: receives products at the site
TRANS side: discharges products

Question 9

Cell Wall

Answer 9

1. Supports the cell and prevents plasma membrane from bursting under pressure
2. Permeable - allows transports in/out of the cell

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Contains pigment chlorophyll that produces energy through photosynthesis

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

Maintains water balance and internal pressure

Question 12

Vesicle

Answer 12

Transports substances within the cell

Question 13

Tonoplast

Answer 13

Vacuole membrane that brings in protons to keep vacuole acidic

Question 14

Lysosome

Answer 14

Breaks down food, unwanted + damaged organelles using proteins and modifies/transports lipids

Question 15

Flagellum and Cilia

Answer 15

Cilia - moves liquid over surfaces
Flagella - assists cell in movement

Question 16

Microtubules

Answer 16

Moves chromosomes to opposite side of cell during cell division and helps to construct cell walls
Helps support shape of cell

Question 17

Microvilli

Answer 17

Secretes carbs to make cell walls and increases surface area for efficient absorption

Question 18

Centrioles

Answer 18

Helps to determine the location of organelles within the cell and organises microtubules that serve as cell’s skeletal system

Question 19

Nuclear envelope

Answer 19

Controls entry and exit of materials in and out of nucleus

Question 20

Nucleoplasm

Answer 20

Site of nucleus reactions

Question 21

Mitochondria cristae

Answer 21

Provides large surface area for enzymes to attach for respiration