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Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The building blocks of all living organisms

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2
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Cells that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus such as plant and animal cells

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3
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Bacterial cells as they do not have a cell wall or a nucleus

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4
Q

What is a cell membrane

A

An envelope that surrounds the cell and lets substances in and at

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5
Q

What is the nucleus

A

Controls DNA and the cells activity

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6
Q

What is the cytoplasm

A

The centre of the cell were all the chemical reactions happen

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7
Q

What is plasmid

A

A small ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells

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8
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Strengthens the cell and gives it support

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9
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Where respiration happens in cells which gives the cells energy

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10
Q

What are chloroplasts

A

Found in plant cells and they contain chlorophyll where photosynthesis happens

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11
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Where proteins are made

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12
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

Found in plant cells, these contain cell sap

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13
Q

What is specialisation?

A

When a job becomes specialised for a specific job eg. Heart cells, sperm cells and liver cells

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14
Q

What is a tissue?

A

This is made up of its of the same type of cells eg. Skin, muscle and brain

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15
Q

What is an organ?

A

Made up of different tissues and each one has a specific job

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16
Q

What is an organ system

A

An organ system contains more than one working organ working together

17
Q

What is a sperm cell?

A

A sex cell which contains the male DNA and carries this to the eg. They have a tail to swim, lots of mitochondria and an acrosome to break down the outer layer of the egg

18
Q

What is a nerve cell?

A

These are special cells which carry electrical impulses along a long structure called and axon.

19
Q

What is a muscle cell?

A

These make up muscle tissues and contract and relax to make movement They contain many mitochondria as they need lots of energy

20
Q

What is a root hair cell?

A

A cell found in the roots of a plant which has a long part sticking out to increase surface area to volume ratio. They have no chloroplasts as they don’t need to photosynthesise

21
Q

What is a xylem cell?

A

A cell that makes up a xylem tissue. It makes a tissue that carries water from the roots of the plant to the leaves

22
Q

What is a phloem cell?

A

A cell that makes up a phloem tissue. Phloem tissue allow food like sugars to be moved around a plant

23
Q

What is differentiation?

A

When a cell is specialised to do a specific job

24
Q

What is a light microscope?

A

A microscope that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify things

25
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

A microscope that fires electrons at objects and then creates a very detailed image

26
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

The green pigment found in chloroplasts

27
Q

What is lignin?

A

A waterproof substance found in xylem cells to provide strength

28
Q

What is magnification?

A

How many times larger the image is then the actual object

29
Q

What is the resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish between two separate points

30
Q

What are sieve plates?

A

Allow the movement of water carrying dissolved materials move freely through phloem cells

31
Q

What are companion cells?

A

Cells which provide energy to phloem cells

32
Q

What is diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

33
Q

What is the concentration gradient

A

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance

34
Q

What is active transport

A

Movement of particles from low to high concentration across the membrane that requires energy

35
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane

A

A membrane that lets some molecules through it but not others

36
Q

What is stomata

A

Small openings on the underside of the leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Biology (18 decks)

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