Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a cell?
The building blocks of all living organisms
What is a eukaryote?
Cells that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus such as plant and animal cells
What is a prokaryote?
Bacterial cells as they do not have a cell wall or a nucleus
What is a cell membrane
An envelope that surrounds the cell and lets substances in and at
What is the nucleus
Controls DNA and the cells activity
What is the cytoplasm
The centre of the cell were all the chemical reactions happen
What is plasmid
A small ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells
What is the cell wall?
Strengthens the cell and gives it support
What is the mitochondria?
Where respiration happens in cells which gives the cells energy
What are chloroplasts
Found in plant cells and they contain chlorophyll where photosynthesis happens
What are ribosomes?
Where proteins are made
What is the vacuole?
Found in plant cells, these contain cell sap
What is specialisation?
When a job becomes specialised for a specific job eg. Heart cells, sperm cells and liver cells
What is a tissue?
This is made up of its of the same type of cells eg. Skin, muscle and brain
What is an organ?
Made up of different tissues and each one has a specific job
What is an organ system
An organ system contains more than one working organ working together
What is a sperm cell?
A sex cell which contains the male DNA and carries this to the eg. They have a tail to swim, lots of mitochondria and an acrosome to break down the outer layer of the egg
What is a nerve cell?
These are special cells which carry electrical impulses along a long structure called and axon.
What is a muscle cell?
These make up muscle tissues and contract and relax to make movement They contain many mitochondria as they need lots of energy
What is a root hair cell?
A cell found in the roots of a plant which has a long part sticking out to increase surface area to volume ratio. They have no chloroplasts as they don’t need to photosynthesise
What is a xylem cell?
A cell that makes up a xylem tissue. It makes a tissue that carries water from the roots of the plant to the leaves
What is a phloem cell?
A cell that makes up a phloem tissue. Phloem tissue allow food like sugars to be moved around a plant
What is differentiation?
When a cell is specialised to do a specific job
What is a light microscope?
A microscope that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify things
