Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cells- biology > cell structure > Flashcards

cell structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the organelles found in an animal cells and plant cells- eukaryotic

A
  • cell surface membrane
  • nucleus
    -mitochondria
  • ribosome
    -smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    -rough endoplasmic reticulum
    -golgi apparatus and golgi vesicles
    -lysosome
    -cytoplasm
    -nuclelous
    -nuclear envelope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the additional organelles in plant cell

A
  • permanent vacuole
  • cell wall
  • chloroplast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A
  • site of DNA replication and transcription [ making mRNA]
    -holds genetic information which codesfor polypeptides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the structure of the nucleus

A
  • contains chromosome- associated histone proteins and linear DNA
  • the nuclear envelope is a double membrane and has nuclear pores to control exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm
    -nucleolus is a small sphere inside which is the site of rRNA production and makes ribosomes
    -nucleoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

● Ribosomes on surface synthesise proteins
● Proteins processed / folded / transported inside rER
● Proteins packaged into vesicles for transport to Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • a system of folded membrane called cisternae which have ribosomes on it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • synthesis and processes lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

stacks of flattened folded membrane called cisternae with no ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of the Golgi apparatus

A

● Modifies protein, eg. adds carbohydrates to produce glycoproteins
● Modifies lipids, eg. adds carbohydrates to make glycolipids
● Packages proteins / lipids into Golgi vesicles
Golgi vesicles transport proteins and lipids to their required destination
● Produces lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the structure of the golgi apparatus

A

Stacks of flatterned membranes called cisternae
- secretary vesicles pinch off the cisternae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of lysosomes

A

contains hydrolytic enzymes called lysozymes which are used to digest and hydrolyse invading cells or digest worn out organelles [ exocytosis]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the structure of lysosomes

A

round organelle with a membrane
- bags of diff digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria

A

the site of aerobic respiration
- site of ATP production
- DNA to code for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the structure of mitochondria

A
  • double membrane which has an inner membrane called the cristae
    -fluid centre called matrix where aerobic respiration takes place
  • loop of DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A
  • site of protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the structure of ribosomes

A
  • made up of proteins and RNA
    -80s in eukaryotic cells [ 25NM]
    -70s in prokaryotic
17
Q

what is the function of cell surface membrane

A

● Selectively permeable → enables control of passage of substances in / out of cell
● receptors / antigens on surface → allow cell recognition / signalling

18
Q

what is the structure of the cell surface membrane

A
  • thin phospholipid bilayer surrounds the cell
19
Q

what is the function of the permanent vacuole

A

contains cell sap
makes cell turgid for support

20
Q

what is the function of chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis- absorbs light
Produces organic substances

21
Q

what is the structure of the chloroplast

A
  • surrounded by a double membrane
    -Stroma contains thylakoid membrane contains ribosomes and circular DNA
    Thylakoid membrane are stacked up to form grana
    Grana is linked with lamellae
22
Q

what are the organelles in a prokaryotic cell

A

-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-capsule
-cell wall
-cell surface membrane
-genetic DNA loop
-flagellum
-plasmids

23
Q

how do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells

A

-cytoplasm that lacks membrane-bound organelles
-smaller ribosomes
no nucleus- a single circular DNA molecule that is free in cytoplasm and is not associated with histone proteins
- plasmid
No membrane bound organelles

24
Q

in addition many prokaryotic ells have

A

one or more plasmids
- a capsule surrounding cell
-one or more fagella

25
Q

what is a virus

A

theyre acellular and non-living

26
Q

what is the structure of a virus

A

genetic material
protein capsid
attachment proteins

27
Q

true or false prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells

A

true

28
Q

in complex multicellular organisms,

what happens

A

eukaryotic cells become specialised for specific functions

29
Q

how are specialised cells organised

A

tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems

30
Q

Why is it difficult to destroy a virus

A

They replicate inside cells which may harm host cells

31
Q

Describe the structure and function of cell wall

A

-made of carbohydrates and cellulose
-supports and strengthens the cell

32
Q

Describe the structure of the cell wall in plants, algae and fungi

A

● Composed mainly of cellulose (a polysaccharide) in plants / algae
● Composed of chitin in fungi

33
Q

what is a tissue

A

Group of specialised cells with a similar structure working together to perform a specific function

34
Q

what is an organ

A

A collection of tissues performing certain functions

35
Q

what is an organ system

A

Group of organs working together to perform specific functions

36
Q

Explain why viruses are described as acellular and non-living

A

● Acellular - not made of cells, no cell membrane / cytoplasm / organelles
● Non-living - have no metabolism, cannot independently respire / replicate

cells- biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions