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cells- biology > Cell Divison > Flashcards

Cell Divison Flashcards

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1
Q

Not all multicellular organisms retain the ability to divide
What are they able to divide using instead?

A

Cell cycle

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2
Q

Where does DNA replication occur during the cell cycle

A

Interphase

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3
Q

Define mitosis

A

-Part of the cell cycle in which eukaryotic cells divide
- they produce 2 daughter cells
- each with identical copies of DNA produced by parent cell during DNA replication

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4
Q

What are the 3 key stages of the cell cycle

A
  • interphase -G1,S,G2
  • nuclear division - mitosis - meiosis
  • cytokinesis
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5
Q

What is the G1 phase

A

Proteins r are synthesised for replication
Cells grow and new organelles and proteins are made

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6
Q

What is the s phase - synthesis

A

DNA replicates resulting in doubling the mass of DNA,

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7
Q

What is the G2 phase - gap phase 2

A

Organelles grow And divide

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8
Q

What is interphase known as

A

Resting phase

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9
Q

What is nuclear divisor

A

It is mitosis - nucleus divides into 2(mitosis)
2 identical diploid cells made

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10
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm to create 2 new cells

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11
Q

What are the 4 key stages of mitosis

A
  • Prophase
  • metaphase
    -anaphase
  • telophase
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12
Q

What are 4 key facts of mitosis

A
  • One round of Divison
  • genetically identical cells are made
  • diploid Cells are made
    _ growth And repair
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13
Q

What is an example of growth and repair in mitosis

A

Clonal expansion of B cells

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14
Q

What is the difference between the cell cycle And mitosis

A

Cell cycle includes growth period between divisions
Mitosis is only 10% of the cell cycle and refers to nuclear division

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15
Q

Outline what happens during the prophase

A
  • Chromosomes condense becoming more visible
  • centrioles move to opposite Poles of cell and mitotic spindle fibers form
  • nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down
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16
Q

Outline what happens during the metaphase

A

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to the centromere and chromosomes

17
Q

Outline what happens during anaphase

A

-Spindle fibers contract and pull the centromere And chromatids to opposite poles
centromere to divide into pair of sister chromatids
- and sister chromatids to separate into 2 distinct chromosomes which pull to opposite poles
-stage requires ATP

18
Q

Outline what happens in the telophase

A

The chromosomes at the end of the pole uncoil and become longer and thin
Chromatids uncoil And spindle fibres disintegrate
Nuclear envelope form around each set of chromosomes forming 2 new nuclei
Nucleus starts to reform

19
Q

What is the equation of mitoxic index

A

The number of cells in mitosis/ total number of cells X 100

20
Q

Define mitotic index

A

Proportion of cells in a population undergoing mitosis

21
Q

What does a higher proportion of mitotic index mean

A

More cells are undergoing all divisor

22
Q

True or false mitosis a controlled process

A

True

23
Q

What can uncontrolled en division lead to

A

The formation of tumors and cancer

24
Q

Many cancer treatments are directed at controlling the rate of cell division
Suggest how

A
  • Prevent DNA replication
  • interfere with mitosis and inhibit spindle formation
25
Q

Behaviour of chromosomes In each stage of mitosis

A

Prophase: chromosomes highly condensed becoming more visible and centrosomes begin to separate
Metaphase: chromosomes line up along the equator
Anaphase: chromosomes move to opposite poles
Telophase: chromosomes uncoil and become Longer and thin and nuclear envelope forms around 2 daughter nuclei

26
Q

What is the division in prokaryotic cells

A

Binary fission

27
Q

What is the process of binary fission

A
  • Replication of circular DNA And plasmids
    -division of cytoplasm to produce 2 daughter cells
    -each with a single copy of circular DNA and a variable number of copies of plasmids
28
Q

Why don’t viruses undergo cell division and what happens instead

A

-As they’re non-living
- they inject their nucleic acid into the host
Infected host cell replicates the virus particle
-

29
Q

Name the fixed poison occupied by a gene on a DNA molecule

A

Locus

cells- biology (6 decks)

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