Cell Structure Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Jelly like material that contains dissolved, nutrients, insults and structures called organelles
Where many chemical reactions happen
Nucleus
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cells activities
Cell membrane
Its structure is permeable to some substances, not to others in there for controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Mitochondria
Organelles contain the end zone is respiration and where most energy is released in respiration
Ribosomes
A tiny organelle, where protein synthesis occurs
Chloroplast
Organelles that contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Contains the enzyme needed for photosynthesis
Cell wall
Made from cellulose fibre is in strengthens the cell and supports the plant
Permanent vacuole
Photocells out to keep the cell turgid
What features do animal cells have?
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What features do plant cells have?
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
What type of cell is bacteria?
Prokaryotic cell
What type of cells are animal cells plant cells and fungi cells?
Eukaryotic cell
What are some features of prokaryotic cells?
Very small
Cell membrane surrounded by cell wall
Cytoplasm ribosomes
No mitochondria or chloroplasts
DNA is a single molecule, found three in the cytoplasm
Additional DNA is found on one or more rings called plasmids
Divide by binary fission
What are some features of eukaryotic cells?
Small
Cell membrane surrounded by cell walls in plants and fungi
Cytoplasm cells, organelles include mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants, and ribosomes
DNA is in a nucleus
Divide by mitosis
How is a sperm cell suited to carry out its function?
Head contains genetic material for fertilisation
Middle piece is packed with mitochondria release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg
Tell enables sperm to swim
Head contains enzymes, so that the sperm can penetrate the egg
How is a nerve cell suited to carry out its function?
Extended so that nerves can run to, and from different parts of the body to the central nervous systems
The cell has extensions and branches, so that you can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands
The nerve cell is covered with a fatty sheath, which insulates a nerve cell and speeds up the nerve impulse
How is a muscle cell suited to carry out its function?
Contains filaments of protein, the slide over each other to cause muscle contraction
Contain many well developed a mitochondria to provide the energy for muscle contraction
How is a root hair cell suited to carry out its function?
Large surface area to provide contact with soil water
Thin walls, so as not to restrict the movement of water
How is xylem cell adapted to carry out its function?
The walls are thick and Woody, their full support plant
No top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, so there is a continuous column of water running through them
How are phloem cells adapted to carry out their function?
Companion cells adjacent to the Seve plate, provide energy required to transport substances in the phloem
Dissolved sugars in amino acids can be transported both up and down the stem
