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BACTERIOLOGY > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes are subdivided into two. What are these two groups?

A

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

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2
Q

Has unique DNA sequence, different membrane lipids, and lacks peptidoglycan,

A

Archaebacteria

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3
Q

Has cell wall, and considered as larger group.

A

Eubacteria

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4
Q

BACTERIAL SHAPE: Cocci

A

Spheres

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5
Q

Bacilli

A

rod

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6
Q

Spirochetes

A

Spirals

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7
Q

Diplococci

A

pairs

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8
Q

Streptococci

A

chains

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9
Q

Staphylococci

A

clusters

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10
Q

Eight-membered cocci formation

A

sarcina

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11
Q

Can be seen on the surface of prokaryotes

A

Appendages

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12
Q

Used for locomotion

A

flagella and pili

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13
Q

Known as organ of motility

A

flagella

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14
Q

3 parts of flagells

A

basal body, hook, and filament

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15
Q

One flagella visible only on one side

A

Monotrichous

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16
Q

Multiple flagella at the same side

A

Lophotrichous

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17
Q

Single flagellum located at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

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18
Q

Has uniform number of flagella distributed over the body

A

Peritrichous

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19
Q

Flagellar function

A

Chemotaxis, Phototaxis

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20
Q

Enables the bacteria to bind/ attach to specific receptor structures and thereby to colonise specific surfaces.

A

Fimbriae

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21
Q

Virulence factors that allow bacteria to attach to host cells.

A

adhesins

22
Q

Short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells. They can have a role in movement, but are more often involved in adherence to surfaces, which facilitates infection, and is a key virulence characteristic.

A

pili

23
Q

Adherence of symbiotic or pathogenic bacteria to host cells

A

Ordinary pili

24
Q

Attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation

A

Sex pili

25
Q

Comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium

A

Cell envelope

26
Q

Considered as an extracellular polymer because it is made up of polysaccharide. It also serves as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens into the cell.

A

Glycocalyx

27
Q

Loosely associated with the bacterium and can be easily washed off

A

Capsule

28
Q

Attached tightly to the bacterium and has definite boundaries

A

Slimy layer

29
Q

Allows bacteria to adhere to host cells or other environmental surfaces and to maintain shape and envelope rigidity

A

S-layer

30
Q

Has high osmotic protection, composed of peptidoglycan, and determines the shape of the cell.

A

Cell wall

31
Q

Gram-negative bacteria have walls with ___ layers of peptidoglycan (10% of wall), and high lipid content. These stain pink.

A

thin

32
Q

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. Consists of a lipid bilayer that is semi-permeable.

A

Cell membrane (Cytoplasmic membrane)

33
Q

Transport nutrients into the cell and also transport toxic substances out of the cell.

A

Cell membrane

34
Q

Gel-like fluid inside the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

Building blocks for cell synthesis or as sources of energy. It has the cell’s water and nutrients.

A

Cell pool

36
Q

Sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

37
Q

Reservoir of structural building blocks

A

inclusions, granules

38
Q

An irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material.

A

Nucleoid

39
Q

The sources of genetic information where it appears to be granular or fibrous

A

bacterial chromosome

40
Q

A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms. They are physically separate from chromosomal DNA and replicate independently.

A

Plasmids

41
Q

Protective trait of plasmids

A

Drug resistance and profuction of toxins and enzymes

42
Q

Responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.

A

Cytoplasm

43
Q

The environment of the organelles and the location of many important biochemical processes

A

Cytoplasmi matrix

44
Q

Responsible for the movements and cell structure. Also forms the cytoskeleton.

A

Microfilaments

45
Q

Network of tubules and cisternae. It also transport materials, protein, and lipid synthesis.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

Packages materials and prepares them for secretion, the exact nature of its role varying with the organism.

A

Golgi apparatus

47
Q

Intracellular digestion

A

Lysosomes

48
Q

Energy production through metabollic pathways

A

Mitochondira

49
Q

Photosythesis

A

Chloroplast

50
Q

Contains the double helix genetic material (DNA)

A

Nucleus

51
Q

Ribosomal RNA synthesis, ribosome construction

A

Nucleolus

52
Q

Strengthen and give shape to the cell

A

Cell wall and pellicle

BACTERIOLOGY (4 decks)

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