Bacterial Classification Flashcards
Bacteria can be classified according to their…
- morphological characteristics
- metabollic properties
- antigenicity
- genotype
Streptococcus pneumoniae
capsulate
Viridians streptococci
non-capsulate
Flagellate
monotrochous, lopotrichous, amphitrichous, peritrochous
Aflagellate
shigella
Rapid, powerful, easy test that allows clinicians to distinguish between the two major classes of bacteria, develop an initial diagnosis, and initiate therapy based on inherent differences in the bacteria
Gram staining
Primary stain
Crystal violet
Mordant
Iodine solution/ Gram’s iodine
Decolorizer
Ethanol
Secondary stain
Safranin
Bacteria that cannot be classified by gram-staining which has a waxy outer shell, which is why dye cannot penetrate. Distinguished with acid-fast stain.
Mycobacteria
Spirochetes are too thin to see. What is an alternative approach for it to be seen?
Darkfield microscopy
Mycoplasma are very small and has no cell wall. What is an alternative approach for it to be seen?
Serologies
Legionella has a poor uptake of red counterstain, and are also intracellular. What is an alternative approach for it to be seen?
Silver stain
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Aerobic metabolism
Completely dependent on oxygen for ATP-generation
Obligate aerobes
A microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than that are present in the atmosphere
Microaerophiles
Creates energy by burning carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic metabolism
Utilize oxygen if it is present, but can use fermentation in its absence.
Facultative anaerobes
Exclusively anaerobic but insensitive to the presence of oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack SOD, peroxidase, and catalase
Obligate anaerobes
Grow best at a pH of 6.0-8.0, internal pH regulation
Neutralophiles
Have optima as low as pH 3.0 and others
Acidophiles
Have optima as high as pH 10.5
Alkaliphiles
Temperature requirement for psychrophilic
15-20 C
Temperature requirement for mesophilic
30.37 C
Temperature requirement for thermophilic
50-60 C
Temperature requirement for hyperthermophlic
100C, depths of the ocean
High salt concentrarion, hypertonic
Halophilic
Has high osmotic pressure
Osmophilic
Has pressure that range from a few times to over 1000 times the pressure of the atmosphere
Barophiles
A particular strain of bacteria that can be distinguished using antibodies to detect characteristic antigens on the bacteria
Serotyping
Most precise method of classifying bacteria is by analysis of their material.
Genetic material
In genetic material, there are techniques that has been done?
Yes. DNA hybridization and PCR amplification
