Bacterial Classification

Question 1

Bacteria can be classified according to their…

Answer 1

1. morphological characteristics
2. metabollic properties
3. antigenicity
4. genotype

Question 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 2

capsulate

Question 3

Viridians streptococci

Answer 3

non-capsulate

Question 4

Flagellate

Answer 4

monotrochous, lopotrichous, amphitrichous, peritrochous

Question 5

Aflagellate

Answer 5

shigella

Question 6

Rapid, powerful, easy test that allows clinicians to distinguish between the two major classes of bacteria, develop an initial diagnosis, and initiate therapy based on inherent differences in the bacteria

Answer 6

Gram staining

Question 7

Primary stain

Answer 7

Crystal violet

Question 8

Mordant

Answer 8

Iodine solution/ Gram’s iodine

Question 9

Decolorizer

Answer 9

Ethanol

Question 10

Secondary stain

Answer 10

Safranin

Question 11

Bacteria that cannot be classified by gram-staining which has a waxy outer shell, which is why dye cannot penetrate. Distinguished with acid-fast stain.

Answer 11

Mycobacteria

Question 12

Spirochetes are too thin to see. What is an alternative approach for it to be seen?

Answer 12

Darkfield microscopy

Question 13

Mycoplasma are very small and has no cell wall. What is an alternative approach for it to be seen?

Answer 13

Serologies

Question 14

Legionella has a poor uptake of red counterstain, and are also intracellular. What is an alternative approach for it to be seen?

Answer 14

Silver stain

Question 15

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Answer 15

Aerobic metabolism

Question 16

Completely dependent on oxygen for ATP-generation

Answer 16

Obligate aerobes

Question 17

A microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than that are present in the atmosphere

Answer 17

Microaerophiles

Question 18

Creates energy by burning carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen

Answer 18

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 19

Utilize oxygen if it is present, but can use fermentation in its absence.

Answer 19

Facultative anaerobes

Question 20

Exclusively anaerobic but insensitive to the presence of oxygen

Answer 20

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 21

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack SOD, peroxidase, and catalase

Answer 21

Obligate anaerobes

Question 22

Grow best at a pH of 6.0-8.0, internal pH regulation

Answer 22

Neutralophiles

Question 23

Have optima as low as pH 3.0 and others

Answer 23

Acidophiles

Question 24

Have optima as high as pH 10.5

Answer 24

Alkaliphiles

Question 25

Temperature requirement for psychrophilic

Answer 25

15-20 C

Question 26

Temperature requirement for mesophilic

Answer 26

30.37 C

Question 27

Temperature requirement for thermophilic

Answer 27

50-60 C

Question 28

Temperature requirement for hyperthermophlic

Answer 28

100C, depths of the ocean

Question 29

High salt concentrarion, hypertonic

Answer 29

Halophilic

Question 30

Has high osmotic pressure

Answer 30

Osmophilic

Question 31

Has pressure that range from a few times to over 1000 times the pressure of the atmosphere

Answer 31

Barophiles

Question 32

A particular strain of bacteria that can be distinguished using antibodies to detect characteristic antigens on the bacteria

Answer 32

Serotyping

Question 33

Most precise method of classifying bacteria is by analysis of their material.

Answer 33

Genetic material

Question 34

In genetic material, there are techniques that has been done?

Answer 34

Yes. DNA hybridization and PCR amplification