cell structure Flashcards
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing
genetic material, prokaryotes do not.
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?
Found free within the cytoplasm as:
● Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
● Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids?
● Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.
● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages
e.g. antibiotic resistance.
List the components of both plant and animal cells
5
● Nucleus ● Cytoplasm ● Cell membrane ● Mitochondria ● Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found
in plant cells (3)
● Chloroplasts
● Permanent vacuole
● Cell wall
Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm
● Fluid component of the cell.
● Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients, where chemical reactions take place.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage
of respiration.
Transport medium.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the entry and exit of materials
into and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
the site of protein synthesis. They join amino acids in a specific order.
What is the plant cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What is the function of the plant cell wall?
● Provides strength.
● Prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
Supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
