Cell Specialisation and Division Flashcards
How are nerve cells adapted to their function?
Long and thin, form connections with neurones, carry electrical impulses
How are red blood cells adapted to their function?
Biconcave disc shape maximises SA, no nucleus, large SA to absorb oxygen, contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen
Function of a red blood cell
Carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body
Function of a nerve cell
receiving sensory input from the external world and for sending motor commands to our muscles
How are muscle cells adapted to their function?
elongated, can contract, many mitochondria for muscle contraction
Function of muscle cells
To help muscles shorten and contract
How are root hair cells adapted to their function?
large SA to quickly absorb water and minerals, thin cell wall for water to diffuse through, mitochondria for respiration
Function of a root hair cell
Uptake of water and nutrients from the atmosphere
How are xylem adapted to their function?
Strengthened by lignin, form long hollow tubes
How are phloem adapted to their function?
sieve tubes specialised for transport,pores at each end for food products to move up and down vessels, thin walled, elongated, tubular shape
Function of phloem
To transport food products to parts of the plant they are needed
Function of xylem
To transport water and soil from stems into the leaves
What equation links magnification, size of image and size of real object?
magnification=size of real image/size of real object
Name 2 types of microscopes
Electron microscope and light microscope
Why do scientists use an electron microscope?
It has much higher magnification and resolution
What does the nucleus of each cell contain?
Chromosones made of coiled DNA molecules full of genetic information
What does each chromosone contain?
Genes
In body cells chromosones are found in…
pairs
Cell Cycle
The series of stages cells divide
What does a cell have to do before it can divide?
It needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures
During the cell cycle…
The genetic material is doubled then divided into two identical cells
Mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Why is cell division by mitosis important?
It is important for multi-cellular organisms to grow and develop
2 Points in favour of stem cell research
Cures disease, most effective scientific solution
2 Points against stem cell research
Other solutions can be found, using an embryo for testing is tantamount to murder
Stem Cell
An unspecialised type of cell which can differentiate into all other types of cell
