Cell Signaling Flashcards
1
Q
Detectors of Extracellular Signals (5)
A
Ligand gated ion channels voltage gated ion channels G-protein coupled receptors Enzyme-linked receptors Nuclear Receptors
2
Q
Tools of Cell Signaling
A
Detectors Second messengers: small molecules generated/released in response to signal Protein Modification Protein-Protein binding GDP-GTP exchange
3
Q
Name some second messengers (5)
A
Calcium, cAMP, IP3, DAG, NO
4
Q
5 Mechanisms of signal termiantion
A
Extracellular Molecule Terminates Signal Receptor Changes: desensitization, internalization 2nd Messenger Loss: pumped, breakdown Reversal in protein modification GTP binding protein self-inactivation
5
Q
Phosphodiesterase 5
A
PDE5: catalytic and non-catalytic cGMP binding sites. Catalytic activity increases when both sites are bound and PDE5 is phosphorylated (cooperative effects).
6
Q
Types of signal amplification (2)
A
Signal Cascade, Feedback loop
7
Q
Nodes
A
Part of signaling pathway with multiple inputs/outputs (ex calcium)
8
Q
Module
A
Components that function together, usually a physical protein complex
9
Q
Crosstalk
A
When multiple signals combine to make/inhibit different pathways
