Cell signaling Flashcards
Cell signaling inputs
-proteins
-nutrients
ions
gases
photons
direct contact
cell signaling responses
modulation of:
-gene exp
-protein function
-metabolism
-cell shape/movement
-differentiation
-proliferation
Signal transduction pathway
sig molecule (binds to )–>rec protein (activates)–> intracell sig molec (alters)—> target proteins (create)—> response
types of feedback
-positive
-negative
- feedforeward relay
-simultory crosstalk
-inhibitory crosstalk
cell-cell signaling
signal is attatched to cell mem
cell that has signal and cell that has receptor need to come in contact
paracrine signaling
one cell releases a signal into environment which affects nearby cells
endocrine signaling
signal is released into bloodstream
can affect cells that are very distant
Autocrine signaling
the cell releasing the signal and the one receiving the signal are the same
activation of signaling pathways
Examples include the nuclear receptor superfamily ligands, gases, neurotransmitters, peptide hormones and growth factors, and lipid-based signaling molecules
signaling molecules- nuc rec superfamily
hydrophobic molecules
used in endocrine signaling
will bind to a group of receptors called the nuc rec superfam (act as TF)
Nitric Oxide
- very unstable gas. Used in paracrine signaling
- can diffuse through the membrane
- activated guanylyl cyclase produces cGMP
- in muscles of the blood vessels it leads to relaxation
nitroglycerine
- Nitroglycerin is an odorless, colorless liquid used in the manufacturing of explosives
- Found to help with chest pains
- Can be converted to nitric oxide in the body
what is PDE5
an enzyme that turns cGMP to GMP
we can pharmacologically deactivate this enzyme
Neurotransmitters
- 100 + chemicals that acts as NTs
- can participate in paracrine and endocrine signaling
