Cell Signaling

Question 1

Most of signaling molecules are secreted from signaling cell by?

Answer 1

Exocytosis

Question 2

Two ways that cells communicate with one another

Answer 2

by secreted molecules

signaling by plasma membrane bound molecules

Question 3

Hydrophobic molecules have to be

Answer 3

solubilized by proteins

Question 4

Paracrine

Answer 4

short distance, Ach, prostaglandins ,

Question 5

Synaptic

Answer 5

neurons - signaling between separate parts of the body

Question 6

Endocrine

Answer 6

long distance , very slow

Question 7

Hormones are very diluted, therefore

Answer 7

receptors must have a high affinity

In contrast - Ach rechts have a lower affinity for ligand because Ach is not diluted , so they don’t need to be sensitive.

Question 8

6 basic rec types

Answer 8

1. GPCR
2. TK
3. Guanylyl cyclase
4. Gated ion channel
5. Adhesion Rec
6. Nuclear

Question 9

Protein Kinase A is activated by — and involved in

Answer 9

cAMP

involved in glycogen breakdown , release of glucose

Question 10

Protein kinase C - activated by

Answer 10

Calcium and DAG

involved in immune response , memory , learning

Question 11

Proteins kinase G activated by

Answer 11

cGMP,

promotes opening of Calcium and potassium channels in smooth muscle

Question 12

mainly regulated gene expression

Answer 12

Ras

Question 13

regulate gene expression and cytoskeletal reorganization

Answer 13

Rho

Question 14

regulates intracellular trafficiking

Answer 14

Rab

Question 15

regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking

Answer 15

Sar1/Arf

Question 16

regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport and microtubule organization

Answer 16

Ran