Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is Glycolysis?
First step in Cell Respiration. - breaks glucose into Two molecules - each have 3 carbons. When this happens, 2 ADP are converted back to ATP for cell use.
Krebs Cycle
Occurs in Mitochondria. Must have O2 where it creates 2 more ATP. (it also uses a little but thats the net gain)
Electron Transport Chain
3rd part of process. All of the Hydrogen molescules (high energy) are then bonded with O2 creating water and CO2 . this provides the cell with about 25 ATP (amount varies a little)
Where is ATP found
Only in each Cell. Each cell has to make it and keep it. It does not travel
Enzymes
Protiens that accerlate a reation. In cells its done by LOWERING the Activation Energy needs.
Enzyme Shape
Specific to function. the Active Site shape determines what it interacts with. They change the subtrates, by changing the bonds, which changes the shape which changes the function afterward/
Substrate
Also known as REACTANTS - the molecules prior to a reaction. They are the starting material
Products
what is created from substrates
Induced Fit
When the active site changes just slightly to get the substrate into an ideal form.
“ASE”- ending on names
These are enzymes. they are protiens.
Activation Energy
The energy needed for a reaction to begin.
REDOX Reaction
When Oxidation and Reduction occur to a molecule
Oxidation
Carbons are separated from glucose, and O2 is added. This is a LOSS, because the hydrogen atoms were stripped away. This leaves the carbon to bond with the O2 creating CO2. - carbon dioxide
Reduction
“Gained” reaction. Here the hydrogen, which is the HIGH ENERGY molecule - is paired with Oxygen. The Oxygen molecule GAINS the electrons from the Hydrogen
ATP production Efficiency
40% 0 the other 60% is lost as Heat (which isn’t really a loss. the heat (aka energy) is really just being moved to another area - environment, etc….
Cell Respiration Formula - Balanced
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Occurs in Mitochondria
produces about 30 ATP, through Glycolysis, Krebs (citric acid) cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Fermentation
Only contains glycolysis, and only produces about 2 ATP and 2 water molecules. Left over product is LACTATE or Lactic Acid. Good for just Short bursts - around 1 min of effort.
Creatine Phosphate
Rapid ATP production; muscle cells typically have enough CP to supply ATP for ~10 seconds
Vesicles
Sacs made of mebranes
ribosomes
Site of protien Synthesis
Golgi Aparatus
Site of refining, sorting and distributing
cell Wall
rigid outer covering in plant cells
plasma membrane
selectively permeable barrier
