Basic Chemistry Review

Question 1

IONIC BONDS

Answer 1

Electrons are GIVEN or TAKEN - making ions - Often refferred to as “stolen”

Question 2

Covalant Bond

Answer 2

Electrons are shared - there are POLOR and NON POLAR Covalant Bonds

Question 3

Difference between POLAR and NON POLAR covalent Bond

Answer 3

Polar is one molecule has the electron more often

Question 4

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 4

Partial charges for between Hyrdrogen containing molecules. such as the negative end of a water molecule and the positive side of another water molecule. These are weakest

Question 5

Water Polarity effects

Answer 5

creates water tension or coheseasion, hence good as a solvent and why ice floats.

Question 6

Carbon

Answer 6

BAckbone of all molecules

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

C, H, O

Question 8

Carbohydrate MONOMER

Answer 8

Monosaccharide, such as glucose

Question 9

Carbohydrate Polymer

Answer 9

Chains of monosaccharides - such as Starch, cellulose, or glycogen

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

Elements are C, H, O, but have a glycerol and a fatty acid chain
They are HYDRO-PHOBIC -(non polar) and do not attract water

Question 11

Protiens

Answer 11

C, H, O, N - look for the nitrogen
Monomer is an AMINO ACID

Question 12

Polypeptide

Answer 12

Chain of Amino acids - shape of protein determines function

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

C, H, O, N, P - look for the addition of PHOSPHORUS molecule.

Question 14

Nucleic Acid Polymers

Answer 14

DNA and RNA -

Question 15

⁺Define an Acid

Answer 15

Subsatnce donates H⁺ and therefore lowers pH

Question 16

Adheasion

Answer 16

Attraction between water molecules and molecules of another substance

Question 17

amino Acid

Answer 17

Monomer of a protien

Question 18

BASE

Answer 18

substance that absorbs a H⁺ ion

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell

Question 20

Chemical Bond

Answer 20

an interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of molecules

Question 21

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 21

a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell

Question 22

disaccharide

Answer 22

two sugar monomers that are linked together by a glycodsidic bond

Question 23

Electron Transfer

Answer 23

Movement of electrons from on element to another

Question 24

element

Answer 24

one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties

Question 25

enzyme

Answer 25

a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

Question 26

glycogen

Answer 26

Carb storage in Animals

Question 27

hormone

Answer 27

a chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes

Question 28

Hydrophilic

Answer 28

water LOVING - will dissolve in water

Question 29

Isotope

Answer 29

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 30

macromolecule

Answer 30

a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

Question 31

Octet Rule

Answer 31

8 electons needed for outer shell

Question 32

pH scale

Answer 32

a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance

Question 33

phospholipid

Answer 33

a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

Question 34

radioactive isotope

Answer 34

an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element

Question 35

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 35

a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis

Question 36

starch

Answer 36

a storage carbohydrate in plants

Question 37

Steroid

Answer 37

a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

Question 38

triglyceride

Answer 38

a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

Question 39

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 39

a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Question 40

Cohesions allows plants to

Answer 40

Transpire - it allows water to be pulled up through the roots.