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Biology 1010 > Basic Chemistry Review > Flashcards

Basic Chemistry Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

IONIC BONDS

A

Electrons are GIVEN or TAKEN - making ions - Often refferred to as “stolen”

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2
Q

Covalant Bond

A

Electrons are shared - there are POLOR and NON POLAR Covalant Bonds

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3
Q

Difference between POLAR and NON POLAR covalent Bond

A

Polar is one molecule has the electron more often

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4
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

Partial charges for between Hyrdrogen containing molecules. such as the negative end of a water molecule and the positive side of another water molecule. These are weakest

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5
Q

Water Polarity effects

A

creates water tension or coheseasion, hence good as a solvent and why ice floats.

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6
Q

Carbon

A

BAckbone of all molecules

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7
Q

Carbohydrates

A

C, H, O

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8
Q

Carbohydrate MONOMER

A

Monosaccharide, such as glucose

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9
Q

Carbohydrate Polymer

A

Chains of monosaccharides - such as Starch, cellulose, or glycogen

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10
Q

Lipids

A

Elements are C, H, O, but have a glycerol and a fatty acid chain
They are HYDRO-PHOBIC -(non polar) and do not attract water

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11
Q

Protiens

A

C, H, O, N - look for the nitrogen
Monomer is an AMINO ACID

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12
Q

Polypeptide

A

Chain of Amino acids - shape of protein determines function

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

C, H, O, N, P - look for the addition of PHOSPHORUS molecule.

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14
Q

Nucleic Acid Polymers

A

DNA and RNA -

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15
Q

+Define an Acid

A

Subsatnce donates H+ and therefore lowers pH

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16
Q

Adheasion

A

Attraction between water molecules and molecules of another substance

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17
Q

amino Acid

A

Monomer of a protien

18
Q

BASE

A

substance that absorbs a H+ ion

19
Q

Cellulose

A

a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell

20
Q

Chemical Bond

A

an interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of molecules

21
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell

22
Q

disaccharide

A

two sugar monomers that are linked together by a glycodsidic bond

23
Q

Electron Transfer

A

Movement of electrons from on element to another

24
Q

element

A

one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties

25
Q

enzyme

A

a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

26
Q

glycogen

A

Carb storage in Animals

27
Q

hormone

A

a chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes

28
Q

Hydrophilic

A

water LOVING - will dissolve in water

29
Q

Isotope

A

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

30
Q

macromolecule

A

a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

31
Q

Octet Rule

A

8 electons needed for outer shell

32
Q

pH scale

A

a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance

33
Q

phospholipid

A

a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

34
Q

radioactive isotope

A

an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element

35
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis

36
Q

starch

A

a storage carbohydrate in plants

37
Q

Steroid

A

a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

38
Q

triglyceride

A

a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

39
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

40
Q

Cohesions allows plants to

A

Transpire - it allows water to be pulled up through the roots.

Biology 1010 (4 decks)

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