cell processes

Question 1

what is homeostasis?

Answer 1

maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 2

what’s one important factor for homeostasis?

Answer 2

movement of materials into and out of the cell

Question 3

what’s involved in homeostasis?

Answer 3

delicate balance between cellular activities and the conditions of the cell’s activities

Question 4

what is passive transport?

Answer 4

method of transport that doesn’t involve use of cellular energy to move substances into or out of the cell

Question 5

what does passive transport rely on?

Answer 5

natural constant motion of the particles which causes molecules to collide and scatter
if possible will occur until an equilibrium is reached

Question 6

what are the forms of passive transport?

Answer 6

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 7

what is diffusion?

Answer 7

movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 8

what is said of the substances during diffusion?

Answer 8

diffuse down a concentration gradient

Question 9

what is concentration gradient?

Answer 9

difference in concentration between two areas

Question 10

what will diffuse across the cell membrane?

Answer 10

small lipids, and other nonpolar moelcules such as O and CO2

Question 11

what’s an important factor in diffusion?

Answer 11

solubility

Question 12

what is osmosis?

Answer 12

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

what is a facilitated diffusion?

Answer 13

diffusion of substances by use of carrier molecules (aka channel proteins) that are in cell membrane

Question 14

what enters by facilitated diffusion?

Answer 14

ions and large polar molecules

Question 15

how to determine direction of movement of objects by diffusion?

Answer 15

compare the concentration of the two solutions involved

Question 16

where is the comparison in living organisms?

Answer 16

between concentration of solution inside cell vs concentration of solution outside the cell

Question 17

solution in cell- 1% solute 99% solvent, solution in beaker 9% solute 91% solvent

Answer 17

the solution in the cell is hypotonic so the water moves out of the cell, the solution in the beaker is hypertonic so the water moves into the cell as a result the mass decreases, equilibrium concentration 5% solute 95% solvent

Question 18

what is an equilibrium?

Answer 18

Equilibrium means balance. Equilibrium can also be defined as a stable situation in which forces affecting an object cancel one another

Question 19

what’s plasmolysis?

Answer 19

occurs when cell has lost water and shrinks in size

Question 20

what happens during plasmolysis in plants?

Answer 20

results when water leaves the vacuole and turgor pressure within cell decreases so plant wilts

Question 21

what is cytolysis?

Answer 21

rupturing or bursting of cell b/c of inward movement of water beyond the capacity of cell

Question 22

can plants undergo cytolysis?

Answer 22

no b/c they have a cell wall

Question 23

depending on what will plasmolysis or cytolysis occur?

Answer 23

direction and amount of water involved

Question 24

what are the descriptive terms used to describe solutions?

Answer 24

hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution, and isotonic solution

Question 25

what is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 25

has lower concentration of dissolved particles so has higher concentration of water molecules than other solution (solvent)
- water molec. move from hypotonic solution they’re in

Question 26

what is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 26

has higher concentration of dissolved particles than other solution, solution contains less water molec., water molec. move to hypertonic solution

Question 27

what is an isotonic solution?

Answer 27

both solutions have same concentration of dissolved particles

Question 28

how is the movement of water in an isotonic solution?

Answer 28

between two isotonic solutions if equal in both directions

Question 29

how to predict water movement?

Answer 29

moves by form of passive transport known as osmosis which means water will move from area of high water concentration to area of low water concentration

Question 30

what is an active transport?

Answer 30

method of transport that does involve use of cellular energy to move substances into or out of cell

Question 31

what is needed for substances to be moved in active transport?

Answer 31

energy is needed b/c substances are being moved up concentration gradient aka going from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (often involves use of carrier proteins)

Question 32

what does endocytosis literally mean?

Answer 32

into the cell

Question 33

what is endocytosis?

Answer 33

process of taking in liquids or fairly large molecules into cell by engulfing them in membrane

Question 34

what does the cell do during endocytosis?

Answer 34

uses energy to make pocket around substance

Question 35

what are the two types of endocytosis?

Answer 35

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 36

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 36

literally means cell eating, cell membrane engulfs large particles

Question 37

what does phagocytosis play a key role in?

Answer 37

immune system since some white blood cells take in foreign invaders and destroy them

Question 38

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 38

literally means cell drinking, cell membrane engulfs large quantities of liquid

Question 39

what does exocytosis literally mean?

Answer 39

exit the cell

Question 40

what is exocytosis?

Answer 40

release of substance out of cell by fusion of vesicle with cell membrane

Question 41

what does exocytosis involve?

Answer 41

golgi apparatus that places liquid bilayer around substance so that is may pass through lipid bilayer of cell membrane when it comes in contact with it thus releasing substance from cellq