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Biology > Cell Process > Flashcards

Cell Process Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins controls what goes in and out of the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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2
Q

This is a thick outer layer in plant cells made of cellulose.

A

Cell Wall

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3
Q

Type of cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles in the cell.

A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

type of cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

A

Eukaryote

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5
Q

Direct energy source for cells

A

ATP

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6
Q

The primary source of energy is usually broken down in the membranes of mitochondria. It enters the cell by facilitated diffusion in most cases.

A

glucose

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7
Q

Phospholipid bilayer that keeps the DNA contained.

A

Nuclear membrane

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8
Q

These molecules make up the major parts of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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9
Q

The net movement of any type of particle from a high to a lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

A liquid that contains an equal amount of dissolved solutes when compared to the other side of a cell membrane.

A

Isotonic solution

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11
Q

A passive form of transport that used embedded proteins to help large molecules enter a cell more quickly

A

Facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

the engulfment of large food particles by a cell membrane.

A

phagocytosis

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13
Q

the loss of water from a plant cell resulting in the loss of turgor pressure

A

plasmolysis

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14
Q

The movement of water or other fluids with its concentration gradient.

A

osmosis

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15
Q

movement of materials against their natural concentration gradient requiring energy.

A

active transport

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16
Q

Random motion of cellular material seen in cells due to kinetic energy of the solution

A

Brownian motion

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17
Q

A liquid that contains more dissolved solutes like sugar or salt then what is present on the opposite side of a cellular membrane

A

hypertonic solution

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18
Q

seemingly an oxymoron where a cell displays the movement of material through its membrane but results in no net change in concentration.

A

dynamic equilibrium

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19
Q

a liquid that contains much less dissolved solutes than found within the cell it surrounds.

A

hypotonic solution

20
Q

an organelle that helps freshwater organisms maintain an osmotic balance due to the continuous movement of water into the cell

A

contractile vacuole

21
Q

the engulfment of water and dissolved solutes

A

pinocytosis

22
Q

a form of excretion where a cell’s vacuole merges with the plasma membrane to release cellular wastes.

A

exocytosis.

23
Q

primary component of a cell’s membrane described in the “Fluid Mosaic Model”

A

phospholipids

24
Q

the pressure that builds in plant cells due to osmosis

A

turgor pressure.

25
Q

Set up by active transport and is necessary for nerves to fire and muscles to contract.

A

Na-K pump

26
Q

property of a membrane that only allows certain materials to enter or leave a cell. Allows homeostasis to be maintained.

A

selective permeability

27
Q

a distinct difference in the concentration of a substance across a space

A

gradient

28
Q

Channels in the membrane help move materials into or out of the cell at a faster-than-normal rate.

A

Integrated Proteins

29
Q

Energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

30
Q

Keeping the interior of a cell in a constant environment. This is done by the cell’s membrane.

A

Homeostasis

31
Q

“Stuff” that does the dissolving

A

solvent

32
Q

“stuff” that is dissoved

A

solute

33
Q

Any motion of materials in a cell that does not require energy

A

Passive Transport

34
Q

This model shows the two layers of phospholipids and the protein channels that exist to move material through the cell membrane.

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

35
Q

Explain what happens to a cell placed into a hypertonic solution and why this happens.

A

The cell shrinks because it is losing water because of osmosis.

36
Q

Compare and contrast phagocytosis and pinocytosis

A

Phagocytosis brings large food molecules into the cell whereas pinocytosis brings water and dissolved solutes into the cell. They are both forms of endocytosis.

37
Q

Explain why active transport is needed to set up membrane polarity (ie. more sodium ions outside the cell than inside) and where this is used in the human body.

A

Moving the ions against the gradient. To push the sodium out. Muscles and glands.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the contractile vacuole in a paramecium living in a freshwater environment? Include the concept of tonicity (ie. hypertonic, hypotonic, etc.) in your answer.

A

The water is hypotonic. It moves through the cell. the contractor vacuole pushes out and cleanses the water. If this didn’t happen, the cell would burst.

39
Q

Explain why injections for the body are made to be isotonic.

A

Hypertonic solutions make a cell shrink because of the lack of sodium. Hypotonic solutions make the cell burst because of too much sodium and water going into the cell

40
Q

The____model for the cell membrane explains how the layers are able to move across each other since they are not chemically bonded. It also only allows certain things to pass through. This property of the membrane is called____.

A

Fluid Mosaic.
Selective Permeability.

41
Q

The pressure that builds in a plant because of osmosis is called___

A

Tugor pressure

42
Q

Any type of movement of material across the cell membrane that requires no energy is called___

A

Passive transport.

43
Q

The process where a cell vacuole merges with the exterior membrane to get rid of waste material is called___

A

Exocytosis

44
Q

The difference in concentration across a space is called a(n)___

A

Gradient

45
Q

Explain the problems cells encounter as they get larger (what limits their size).

A

The cell does not have enough space to get the waste products out, causing It to burst.

Biology (4 decks)

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