Cell physiology II Flashcards
what are the living building blocks of body?
cells
what is metabolism?
chemical processes in body
what is anabolism?
building molecules
what is catabolism?
breakdown of molecules
what is DNA transcription?
where copies are made from DNA and they are called messenger RNA (mRNA)
what does the process of protein synthesis involve?
DNA transcription and Translation
How does DNA make nRNA?
DNA uncoils at site of gene to expose gene base sequence. RNA strand is formed, using code on DNA template to add complementary RNA nucleotide. (think of it as a zipper)
mRNA associates with ribosomes, what is a base triplet?
it is called a codon. (3 bases on mRNA e.g. CUU ACG)
what codes for 1 amino acid?
one codon. (an amino acid can have more than one codon.
what are the steps to Translation?
- mRNA associates with ribosomes.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) with specific aa and anticodon binds to matching RNA
- and the peptide bond is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain.
Sequence of ___ bases determines ____ sequence determines __________
DNA, mRNA, aa sequence for protein.
where do proteins that are formed on free ribosomes released?
into cytosol or go to nucleus or mythochondria.
where do proteins that are produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) released?
released into ER lumen.
where are proteins that are released into ER lumen transfered to?
they are transferred to Golgi complex in vesicles.
what further modifies proeins by carb changes/ addition or lipid additions?
Golgi complex.
what do lysosomes contain?
digestive enzymes
what packages modified proteins (in vesicles) and sends them to destination: cell membrane, secretion, lysosomes
Golgi complex
How can we tell that something is an enzyme?
if it ends in “ase”
what do enzymes do?
increase reaction rates
what is not used in reaction, very sensitive to pH and tempature?
enzymes
what has their synthesis controlled by cell (proteins) -cell activity can change
enzymes
what does ATP turn into after catabolism?
ADP and an inorganic phosphate
