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Biology- Physiology > cell physiology > Flashcards

cell physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

The Phospholipid Bilayer has a continuous layer around what?

A

the cell

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2
Q

The Phospholipid Bilayer is a barrier to what type of substance?

A

Water soluble substances- NOT to small molecules and/or lipid soluble molecules

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3
Q

What do channels do for transport proteins?

A

selectively permit channel-mediated FACILITATED DIFFUSION of specific ions.

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4
Q

what different types of channels are there?

A

Gated and non-gated

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5
Q

What is a gated channel?

A

it is a closed channel unless opened by a stimuli

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6
Q

what is a non-gated chanel?

A

a chanel that is always open

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7
Q

what do carrier proteins do?

A

They bind solutes and carry it across the membrane and allow protein carrier-mediated FACILITATED TRANSPORT or ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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8
Q

what can receptor proteins do?

A

They can bind specific extracellular molecules (like hormones, neurotransmitters)

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9
Q

Explain glucose uptake. (receptor proteins)

A

insulin binds to receptor on skel. muscle or adipose tissue,

triggers movement of more glucose transporters to cell membrane

and increases glucose movement from blood into cells

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10
Q

what do enzymes do?

A

control chemical reactions on the outer or inner surface of the cell

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11
Q

what do joining proteins do?

A

they anchor cell membrane to cytoskeleton or an adjacent cell

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12
Q

what do joining proteins between cells form?

A

desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions

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13
Q

where are Identifying proteins found?

A

they are found on the surface of all cells EXCEPT rbc

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14
Q

what do Identifying Proteins do?

A

they Identify cell as part of the body- not foreign to the body

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15
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins are what kind of proteins??

A

Indentifying proteins

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16
Q

what are Membrane Carbohydrates consisted of?

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins

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17
Q

Why do Membrane Carbohydrates differ for every cell type?

A

Because it allows every cell to recognize what it need to recognize… like a sperm recognizes the egg.

18
Q

what is membrane transport?

A

movement of material between the intra and extra cellular fluids

19
Q

whats the difference between solute and solvent?

A

solute is the substance dissolved in a solution whereas a solvent is the substance the solute is dissolved in … like water

20
Q

what are the types of transport?

A

Passive transport and active process.

21
Q

Between Passive transport and active process… which one needs atp to operate?

A

Active Process

22
Q

which type of transport has movement from a high to low concentration? (i.e. down its concentration gradient)

A

passive transport

23
Q

in Passive transport, what does greater difference in concentration do to the mollecules?

A

it makes the mollecules move more and faster.

24
Q

what is Simple diffusion? (from passive transport)

A

where the solute crosses through cell membrane bilayer

25
Q

what is facilitated DIFFUSION?

A

a solute movement where IONS diffuse through through membrane via proteins channels

26
Q

what is facilitated TRANSPORT?

A

where large, charged or water soluble molecules move across membrane using a specific carrier protein

27
Q

what is osmosis?

A

movement of water across semi permeable membrane

28
Q

What is Na+?

A

Sodium

29
Q

what is K+

A

potassium

30
Q

Which direction does Active transport travel?

A

against the gradient (which is why it needs ATP {energy} to move)

31
Q

what are the types of Active processes?

A

Primary Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport

32
Q

What is a direct part of Primary transport?

A

ATP is a direct part of transport process- So what happens is ONE protein breaks ATP AND transports the solute(s)

33
Q

What is Secondary Active Transport?

A

its a cotransport (2 proteins are involved & use of ATP is indirect) So what happens is one proteins breaks down the ATP and another protein will transport the solute(s)

34
Q

explain how glucose gains entry at small intestine (2 steps)

A

1) Na+ gradient is established by Na+/K+-ATPase
2) Glucose & Na+ both must bind to carrier and are cotransported into the cell – Na+ moving down its concentration gradient drives in glucose against te concentration gradient

35
Q

what is vesicular transport?

A

Substance is surrounded by a membrane within a cell (vesicle)

36
Q

What are the different types of Vesicular transport?

A

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

37
Q

Explain Phagocytosis

A

large items into the cell (cell eating)

38
Q

Explain Pinocytosis

A

Fluids (+ dissolved substances) (cell drinking)

39
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

movement into the cell

40
Q

what is Exocytosis?

A

movement out of the cell

41
Q

how do things exit the cell membrane in exocytosis?

A

vesicles containing hormones, enzymes, neurotranmitters etc fuse with the cell membrane releasing it into the the ECF (extra cellular fluid)

Biology- Physiology (10 decks)

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