cell physiology

Question 1

The Phospholipid Bilayer has a continuous layer around what?

Answer 1

the cell

Question 2

The Phospholipid Bilayer is a barrier to what type of substance?

Answer 2

Water soluble substances- NOT to small molecules and/or lipid soluble molecules

Question 3

What do channels do for transport proteins?

Answer 3

selectively permit channel-mediated FACILITATED DIFFUSION of specific ions.

Question 4

what different types of channels are there?

Answer 4

Gated and non-gated

Question 5

What is a gated channel?

Answer 5

it is a closed channel unless opened by a stimuli

Question 6

what is a non-gated chanel?

Answer 6

a chanel that is always open

Question 7

what do carrier proteins do?

Answer 7

They bind solutes and carry it across the membrane and allow protein carrier-mediated FACILITATED TRANSPORT or ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 8

what can receptor proteins do?

Answer 8

They can bind specific extracellular molecules (like hormones, neurotransmitters)

Question 9

Explain glucose uptake. (receptor proteins)

Answer 9

insulin binds to receptor on skel. muscle or adipose tissue,

triggers movement of more glucose transporters to cell membrane

and increases glucose movement from blood into cells

Question 10

what do enzymes do?

Answer 10

control chemical reactions on the outer or inner surface of the cell

Question 11

what do joining proteins do?

Answer 11

they anchor cell membrane to cytoskeleton or an adjacent cell

Question 12

what do joining proteins between cells form?

Answer 12

desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions

Question 13

where are Identifying proteins found?

Answer 13

they are found on the surface of all cells EXCEPT rbc

Question 14

what do Identifying Proteins do?

Answer 14

they Identify cell as part of the body- not foreign to the body

Question 15

Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins are what kind of proteins??

Answer 15

Indentifying proteins

Question 16

what are Membrane Carbohydrates consisted of?

Answer 16

glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 17

Why do Membrane Carbohydrates differ for every cell type?

Answer 17

Because it allows every cell to recognize what it need to recognize… like a sperm recognizes the egg.

Question 18

what is membrane transport?

Answer 18

movement of material between the intra and extra cellular fluids

Question 19

whats the difference between solute and solvent?

Answer 19

solute is the substance dissolved in a solution whereas a solvent is the substance the solute is dissolved in … like water

Question 20

what are the types of transport?

Answer 20

Passive transport and active process.

Question 21

Between Passive transport and active process… which one needs atp to operate?

Answer 21

Active Process

Question 22

which type of transport has movement from a high to low concentration? (i.e. down its concentration gradient)

Answer 22

passive transport

Question 23

in Passive transport, what does greater difference in concentration do to the mollecules?

Answer 23

it makes the mollecules move more and faster.

Question 24

what is Simple diffusion? (from passive transport)

Answer 24

where the solute crosses through cell membrane bilayer

Question 25

what is facilitated DIFFUSION?

Answer 25

a solute movement where IONS diffuse through through membrane via proteins channels

Question 26

what is facilitated TRANSPORT?

Answer 26

where large, charged or water soluble molecules move across membrane using a specific carrier protein

Question 27

what is osmosis?

Answer 27

movement of water across semi permeable membrane

Question 28

What is Na+?

Answer 28

Sodium

Question 29

what is K+

Answer 29

potassium

Question 30

Which direction does Active transport travel?

Answer 30

against the gradient (which is why it needs ATP {energy} to move)

Question 31

what are the types of Active processes?

Answer 31

Primary Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport

Question 32

What is a direct part of Primary transport?

Answer 32

ATP is a direct part of transport process- So what happens is ONE protein breaks ATP AND transports the solute(s)

Question 33

What is Secondary Active Transport?

Answer 33

its a cotransport (2 proteins are involved & use of ATP is indirect) So what happens is one proteins breaks down the ATP and another protein will transport the solute(s)

Question 34

explain how glucose gains entry at small intestine (2 steps)

Answer 34

1) Na+ gradient is established by Na+/K+-ATPase 2) Glucose & Na+ both must bind to carrier and are cotransported into the cell -- Na+ moving down its concentration gradient drives in glucose against te concentration gradient

Question 35

what is vesicular transport?

Answer 35

Substance is surrounded by a membrane within a cell (vesicle)

Question 36

What are the different types of Vesicular transport?

Answer 36

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 37

Explain Phagocytosis

Answer 37

large items into the cell (cell eating)

Question 38

Explain Pinocytosis

Answer 38

Fluids (+ dissolved substances) (cell drinking)

Question 39

What is Endocytosis?

Answer 39

movement into the cell

Question 40

what is Exocytosis?

Answer 40

movement out of the cell

Question 41

how do things exit the cell membrane in exocytosis?

Answer 41

vesicles containing hormones, enzymes, neurotranmitters etc fuse with the cell membrane releasing it into the the ECF (extra cellular fluid)