cell physiology II

Question 1

overview

Answer 1

• cells = living building blocks of body

- chemical processes in body = metabolism

Question 2

basic cell processes

Answer 2

1. protein synthesis
   - proteins can be enzymes, structural
   - process of protein synthesis involves:
   a. DNA transcription
   - DNA - mRNA
   b. translation
   - mRNA - proteins
   c. after translation
   - proteins produced on free ribosomes - released into cytosol, nucleus or mitochondria
   - proteins produced by ribosomes on ER released into ER lumen

Question 3

steps in DNA transcription

Answer 3

1. DNA uncoils at site of gene to expose gene base sequence.
2. RNA strand is formed, using code on DNA template to add complementary RNA nucleotides

Question 4

steps in translation

Answer 4

1. mRNA associates with ribosomes = codon
2. transfer RNA with specific aa and anticodon bind to making RNA
3. peptide bond is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain

Question 5

Golgi complex

Answer 5

1. further modifies proteins by carb changes, lipid additions
2. packages modified proteins and sends to destination: cell membrane, secretion, lysosomes

Question 6

enzymes

Answer 6

• names end in ase
• increase reaction rate
• not used up in reaction
• sensitive to pH
• specific

Question 7

ATP catabolism

Answer 7

• adenosine Triphosphate
• adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates
• energy stored in phosphate bonds (covalent)
• little ATP is stored so constantly have to make it

Question 8

cellular respiration

Answer 8

• production of ATP using glucose

- glucose enters most cells by facilitated transport

Question 9

steps of cellular respiration

Answer 9

1. glycolysis in cytosol
2. enters mitochondria-becomes aerobic
3. krebs cycle
4. electron transport chain