Cell Physiology

Question 0

Normal pCO2

Answer 0

35-45

Question 1

Normal pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

Normal HCO3

Answer 2

22-26

Question 3

respiratory acidosis

Answer 3

pH low, pCO2 up, HCO3 normal
Causes: non-breathing patient
Treatment: ventilate

Question 4

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 4

pH high, pCO2 low, HCO3 normal
Causes: hyperventilation, early ASA OD
Treatment: slow breathing

Question 5

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

pH low, pCO2 normal, HCO3 low
Causes: cardiac arrest, DKA, ASA OD
Treatment: ventilate, possibly bicarbonate

Question 6

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 6

pH high, pCO2 normal, HCO3 high
Causes: OD antacids, vomiting, NG suctioning
Treatment: treat the cause

Question 7

Nucleus:

Answer 7

brain of the cell; controls cellular operations/activities, contains genetic information

Question 8

Cytoplasm:

Answer 8

fluid inside the cell that surrounds all organelles

Question 9

Golgi Bodies:

Answer 9

make more complex molecules from simpler ones, package them and put them into vesicles

Question 10

Mitochondria:

Answer 10

powerhouse of the cell; site of ATP synthesis

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Answer 11

site of protein synthesis, packaging and transport

Question 12

Lysosomes:

Answer 12

digest waste and nutrients within the cell; if the cell dies, they digest the cell

Question 13

cell membrane:

Answer 13

semipermeable membrane surrounding the cell, it controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 14

Osmosis:

Answer 14

the tendency of a fluid, often water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane to an area of higher concentration to equalize the concentrations on each side of the membrane

Question 15

Diffusion:

Answer 15

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion:

Answer 16

passive transport that allows specific molecules to cross the cell membrane with specific transport proteins from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy

Question 17

Active transport:

Answer 17

the movement of ions or molecules across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; requires energy

Question 18

Filtration:

Answer 18

diffusion of water and small solutes from capillaries into interstitial space to be reabsorbed

Question 19

Anions of intracellular fluid:

Answer 19

from major to minor:

phosphate, protein anions, sulfate, bicarb, chlorine

Question 20

anions of extracellular fluid:

Answer 20

major to minor:

chlorine, bicarb, protein anions, phosphate, sulfate

Question 21

cations of intracellular fluid:

Answer 21

major to minor:

potassium, magnesium, sodium

Question 22

cations of extracellular fluid:

Answer 22

major to minor:

sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium

Question 23

pH low means concentration of H+ ions is:

Answer 23

high

Question 24

isotonic:

Answer 24

having the same osmotic pressure as another solution

Question 25

hypotonic:

Answer 25

having lower osmotic pressure (less ions) than another solution

Question 26

hypertonic:

Answer 26

having a higher osmotic pressure (more ions) than another solution

Question 27

How many cc’s before you feel the urge to urinate?

Answer 27

300 cc

Question 28

Normal amount of urine in bladder when one feels the need to urinate (range):

Answer 28

200-400 cc

Question 29

ADH:

Answer 29

promotes reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts in the kidneys, decreasing water loss in urine

Question 30

Aldosterone:

Answer 30

regulates sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules, indirectly increasing reabsorption of water (water follows Na)

Question 31

fatal amount of fluid loss?

Answer 31

20-30% body’s water (or greater than 15%)

Question 32

peripheral edema at a cellular level:

Answer 32

too much fluid in vessels (due to HF or failure of the kidneys to excrete Na/water) leaks out into surrounding tissues

Question 33

electrolytes that play a critical role in nerve/muscle cell impulse conduction:

Answer 33

Na channels open, K channels open depolarizing cell, Ca

Question 34

What are the body’s buffer systems and which is the fastest?

Answer 34

Blood, respiratory and renal. Blood is the fastest