Cell Physiology Flashcards
Normal pCO2
35-45
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
Normal HCO3
22-26
respiratory acidosis
pH low, pCO2 up, HCO3 normal
Causes: non-breathing patient
Treatment: ventilate
Respiratory Alkalosis
pH high, pCO2 low, HCO3 normal
Causes: hyperventilation, early ASA OD
Treatment: slow breathing
Metabolic acidosis
pH low, pCO2 normal, HCO3 low
Causes: cardiac arrest, DKA, ASA OD
Treatment: ventilate, possibly bicarbonate
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH high, pCO2 normal, HCO3 high
Causes: OD antacids, vomiting, NG suctioning
Treatment: treat the cause
Nucleus:
brain of the cell; controls cellular operations/activities, contains genetic information
Cytoplasm:
fluid inside the cell that surrounds all organelles
Golgi Bodies:
make more complex molecules from simpler ones, package them and put them into vesicles
Mitochondria:
powerhouse of the cell; site of ATP synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
site of protein synthesis, packaging and transport
Lysosomes:
digest waste and nutrients within the cell; if the cell dies, they digest the cell
cell membrane:
semipermeable membrane surrounding the cell, it controls what enters and exits the cell
Osmosis:
the tendency of a fluid, often water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane to an area of higher concentration to equalize the concentrations on each side of the membrane
Diffusion:
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy
Facilitated diffusion:
passive transport that allows specific molecules to cross the cell membrane with specific transport proteins from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy
Active transport:
the movement of ions or molecules across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; requires energy
Filtration:
diffusion of water and small solutes from capillaries into interstitial space to be reabsorbed
Anions of intracellular fluid:
from major to minor:
phosphate, protein anions, sulfate, bicarb, chlorine
anions of extracellular fluid:
major to minor:
chlorine, bicarb, protein anions, phosphate, sulfate
cations of intracellular fluid:
major to minor:
potassium, magnesium, sodium
cations of extracellular fluid:
major to minor:
sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium
pH low means concentration of H+ ions is:
high
isotonic:
having the same osmotic pressure as another solution
hypotonic:
having lower osmotic pressure (less ions) than another solution
hypertonic:
having a higher osmotic pressure (more ions) than another solution
How many cc’s before you feel the urge to urinate?
300 cc
Normal amount of urine in bladder when one feels the need to urinate (range):
200-400 cc
ADH:
promotes reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts in the kidneys, decreasing water loss in urine
Aldosterone:
regulates sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules, indirectly increasing reabsorption of water (water follows Na)
fatal amount of fluid loss?
20-30% body’s water (or greater than 15%)
peripheral edema at a cellular level:
too much fluid in vessels (due to HF or failure of the kidneys to excrete Na/water) leaks out into surrounding tissues
electrolytes that play a critical role in nerve/muscle cell impulse conduction:
Na channels open, K channels open depolarizing cell, Ca
What are the body’s buffer systems and which is the fastest?
Blood, respiratory and renal. Blood is the fastest
