Cell Pathology Case Studies Flashcards
Name the effects of helicobacter infection on the stomach?
Inflammation:
acute, chronic (including ulcers)
Cell damage:
atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia
Neoplasia:
carcinoma, lymphoma
What is the key inflammatory cell of acute inflammation?
neutrophil polypmorph
Define an Ulcer
An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal.
What is the key inflammatory cell of chronic inflammation?
lymphocyte
What is granumalatous inflammation?
Particular form of chronic inflammation showing granuloma formation
- Cluster of macrophages
- Involves specific immune reaction T cells
Name some causes for granumalatous inflammation?
Infection – TB, fungi, helicobacter
Foreign material
Reaction to tumours
Immune diseases (sarcoid, Crohn’s)
what is gastritis?
Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and is usually termed acute or chronic gastritis
What makes a gastric ulcer an acute gastric ulcer?
Parenchymal cell regeneration and RESOLUTION
What makes a gastric ulcer a chronic gastric ulcer?
REPAIR by connective tissue and SCAR TISSUE FORMATION
Name the cellular adaptations seen in association with helicobacter gastritis?
atrophy
metaplasia and
dysplasia.
Define atrophy?
Shrinkage in the size of the cell (or organ) by the loss of cell substance
Define metaplasia?
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another
Define Dysplasia?
Precancerous cells which show the genetic and cytological features or malignancy but not invading the underlying tissue
What is cancer grading based on?
based on the degree of histological differentiation
What is cancer stagin based on?
based on how far the tumour has spread
