Cell Organelles (Eukaryotic Cells) Flashcards
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
Has protein and RNA
matrix and cristae
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Has ribosomes attached that make proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Site of lipid synthesis
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Has large and small sub units
protein and DNA
Golgi body
Modifies and adds carbohydrates to proteins
Packages the glycoprotein into a vesicle
Lysosome
Breaks down foods
Has hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
Centrioles
Makes spindle fibres for mitosis and meiosis
Located at the poles
Chloroplasts
Makes glucose by photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll (grana-chlorophyll), double membrane, stoma (has proteins and RNA)
Large permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap (glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and pigments)
Supports soft plant tissue
Bounded by tonoplast
Nucleus
Contains genetic material
Has nuclear envelope, chromatic (groups of 2 histone proteins), double membrane, nuclear pore
Cilia and flagella
For movement
Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes:
No nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
70s ribosomes
Circular DNA
Eukaryotes:
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
80s ribosomes
Linear DNA
Compart mentalisation
Since eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles,
Each organelle has its own job, so enzymes for each reaction are separate
:. More efficient process
Plasmodesmata
Interconnection between adjacent cytoplasms of 2 cells
Nutrients don’t have to exit cytoplasm to get into another as they can pass through the plasmodesmata
Endosymbiotic theory
Suggests where eukaryotic cells from
- mitochondria and chloroplast have circular DNA and 70s ribosomes
- they can divide on their own: evidence for endocytosis
Mitochondria provides 38 ATP whereas without, anaerobic respiration produces 2 ATP
Chloroplast provides glucose
Host cell provides substrate for mitochondria and chloroplast
