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Biochemistry > Cell Organelles and Components > Flashcards

Cell Organelles and Components Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

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2
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Do not have a nucleus or organelles

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3
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

-Has a double membrane
-Has nuclear pores to allow passage of molecules in and out

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4
Q

Nucleoli

A

Where ribosomal assembly occurs

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where respiration and energy production occur

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6
Q

How do mitochondria replicate?

A

Binary fission

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7
Q

Inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Active site for electron transport chain and citric acid/Krebs cycle (matrix is the space within)

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8
Q

Cristae

A

What the inner mitochondrial membrane invaginates as, increasing surface area of the membrane

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9
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Bacteria engulfed another cell and used it as an internal battery, leading to the birth of mitochondria

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10
Q

Outer mitochondrial membrane

A

Separates the mitochondrial intermembrane space from the cytosol

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11
Q

Where DNA replication can occur

A

Nucleus and mitochondria

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12
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Net-like organelle that is continuous with the nuclear membrane; has a double membrane

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13
Q

Cisternae

A

What the endoplasmic reticulum invaginates as to increase its surface area

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14
Q

Rough ER

A

Contains ribosomes all over its surface

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15
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein-RNA complexes that synthesize proteins

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16
Q

Rough ER

A

Where proteins made by ribosomes are sent to be folded

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17
Q

Chaperone proteins

A

Help the rough ER fold proteins

18
Q

Smooth ER

A

Important for lipid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, and detoxification

19
Q

Exported out of the cell or embedded into a cell membrane

A

Where proteins made by membrane bound ribosomes are transported

20
Q

Intracellular proteins

A

Proteins synthesized by free ribosomes

21
Q

Smooth ER

A

Organelle that produces the phospholipid components of cell membranes and stores calcium for muscle contraction

22
Q

Vesicle

A

What synthesized proteins are packaged in to be sent to the golgi apparatus

23
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Processes and packages proteins and lipid molecules, specifically proteins to be exported out of the cell

24
Q

Golgi apparatus cis face

A

Where GA receives protein-packed vesicles

25
Q

Golgi apparatus trans face

A

From where protein-filled mebrane bounds vesicles bud off to be sent elsewhere (typically plasma membrane to be sent out of the cell)

26
Q

Lysosomes

A

Garbage disposal system of the cell

27
Q

Endocytosis (lysosome related)

A

How extracellular stuff that needs to be broken down enters the cell - vesicle pinches off from cell membrane and fuses with a lysosome inside the cell

28
Q

Autophagy

A

Intracellular debris in the cytoplasm can become enclosed within a vesicle that then fuses with the lysosome for degradation

29
Q

Lysosomal enzymatic function pH

A

pH 4.5-5

30
Q

Peroxisome

A

Accumulates and neutralizes peroxides, protecting against oxidative stress

31
Q

Cytoskeleton components

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Microtubules
  3. Intermediate Filaments
32
Q

Microfilaments (size, components, function)

A

-Smallest cytoskeleton components
-Made of two strands of actin polymers
-Important for cell motility
-Contribute to formation of cleavage furrow during mitosis
-Interact with the motor protein myosin for muscle contraction

33
Q

Actin monomeric and polymeric forms

A

G-actin and F-actin

34
Q

Microtubulin

A

-Wider than microfilaments
-Polymers of alpha and beta tubulin dimers
-Maintain structural integrity of the cell
-Highways along which motor proteins traffic intracellular proteins using ATP

35
Q

Microtubulin (what they form)

A

Form mitotic spindles and flagella and cilia

36
Q

Microfilaments (what they form)

A

Form cleavage furrow during mitosis

37
Q

Kinesin

A

Anterograde movement motor protein (center of cell -> out)

38
Q

Dynein

A

Retrograde movement motor protein (outside of cell -> center)

39
Q

Capping proteins

A

Can prevent the growth or shrinkage of the polar ends of microfilaments and microtubules

40
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

-In between sizes of mt and mf
-Provide structural support and are responsible for structural support and cell-to-cell adhesion

41
Q

Red blood cells

A

Only cell type that expels all organelles and DNA during maturation

42
Q
A

Biochemistry (8 decks)

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