Cell Organelles Flashcards
Cells that contain a nuclei
Eukaryotes
Cells that do not contain a nuclei
Prokaryotes
Portion of the cell outside the nucleus
-allows for diffusion of nutrients and wastes
Cytoplasm
What is the nuclear envelope?
- composed of two membranes
- surrounds the nucleus
- allows material to move in and out of the nucleus
What is chromatin?
- consists of DNA bound to protein
- found in the nucleus
- spread around the nucleus but condenses to form chromosomes when the cell splits
- long strands of DNA float within the nucleus
What are chromosomes?
-distinct threadlike structures contain genetic information passed through the generations
What is the nucleolus?
-assembly of ribosomes begin
What are ribosomes?
- proteins are assembled on ribosomes
- small pieces of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
- use copy of DNA to build protein
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
- site where lipid componentes of the cell membrane are assembled along with other proteins exported from the cell
- rough ER involved in the synthesis of proteins
- when proteins are ready for cellular export they are built on the rough ER
- smooth ER has enzymes which preform specialized tasks
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
-job is to sort, modify and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion
What are lysosomes?
- small organelles filled with enzymes
- digestion, breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins
- responsible for breaking down organelles
- “clean up crew”
What is the vacuole?
-storage
What is the mitochondria?
Organelles that convert chemical energy into compounds more convenient for the cell
-part of cellular respiration
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis
What is the cytoskeleton?
- found in eukaryotic cells
- network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain shape
- involved in movement
What are centrioles?
-located near the nucleus and help organize cell division
What is the cell membrane?
- cell surrounded by a thin and flexible barrier
- sometimes called the plasma membrane
- regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides support and protection
- cannot control gases or water
What is the cell wall?
-a strong supporting layer around the membrane
What is the cytoskeleton?
Connects, provides support and helps transport organelles
What is the nucleus?
-control centre for the cell
What is DNA
Contains plans for construction of most of the chemicals
What is the flagellum?
A whip-like tail that helps the cell move
What are cilia?
Tiny hairs that work together to help move the cell
