Cell Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

The thin outer covering of the cell

Controls what enters and exits the cell (selectively permeable)

Composed of a complex fat and protein structure

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2
Q

Vacuoles

A

Saclike organelles that store food, waste, water and other foreign materials

Specialized ones (called lysosomes) store and digest food particles

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Centralized mass in the cell

Controls cell functions through DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – acts like a complex set of instructions

Enclosed in a membrane

Some cells have more than one (such as Paramecium)

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Sometimes referred to as the powerhouses of the cell

Uses oxygen to break down food particles and release the energy needed for other cell functions

Sausage shaped organelle with an inner folded membrane

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5
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A complex, folded, canal like section that moves materials around inside the cell

Often covered in ribosomes and assists with protein production

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

An outer layer (outside the cell membrane) found in plant cells and some animal cells

A rigid, fibrous layer that has pores to let materials in and out of the cell

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small spherical structures usually attached to the endoplasmic reticulum while some are free floating in the cytoplasm

Produce proteins used for cell structure and repair

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8
Q

Golgi body or apparatus

A

I folded, layered structure that looks like the Wi-Fi symbol on MacBooks

Processes the proteins made by the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes and packages them into sacs called vesicles for secretion (for example: mucus)

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jellylike (almost watery) fluid inside the cell

Fills the cell and serve as a fluid to move oxygen and food particles around inside the cell

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Only found in plant cells

Site of photosynthesis

Oval shape, with several layers inside the cell, usually stacked

Contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis

Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to create sugar and oxygen gas

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11
Q

Centrioles

A

A pair of cylinder shaped structures that assist with cell division

They are made of 9 sets of microtubules

They are usually at right angles

When they move towards opposite ends of the cell, the cell divides.

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

Spherical densely packed section of RNA (ribonucleic acid) inside the nucleus

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13
Q

Cilia

A

Cilia can help cells to move

Cilia can also be used to move fluid around cells such as the mucus in lungs.

Cells with cilia are found in the lungs and intestines of many animals

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14
Q

Flagellum (flagella = plural)

A

Flagellum looks like a tail and helps a cell to move.

Flagella are usually found in unicellular organisms.

They are also found on sperm cells.

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