CELL ORGANELLES Flashcards
What is the NUCLEUS enclosed in?
The Nucleus is enclosed in a NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE. It is a DOUBLE MEMBRANE with NUCLEAR PORES
What is the role of the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE?
The Nuclear Membrane CONTROLS THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES into and from the cytoplasm
What is the role of the Mitochondria?
The MITOCHONDRIA is the powerhouse of the cell. It is responsible for ATP production during cellular respiration.
What is the role of RIBOSOMES and where are they found?
Ribosomes are responsible for the PRODUCTION of PROTEINS. Some are found in the CYTOSOL and others are embedded in ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH ER)
What does ROUGH ER and SMOOTH ER consist of?
Both ROUGH ER and SMOOTH ER are made of LIPIDS.
However, the ROUGH ER is studded with RIBOSOMES
What is the role of ROUGH ER?
ROUGH ER is responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomes
What is the role of SMOOTH ER?
SMOOTH ER is responsible for the FORMATION and TRANSPORT of FATS and STEROID HORMONES. It also PROTECTS THE CELL from harmful substances
What is the role of the GOLGI COMPLEX/APPARATUS?
The Golgi Complex is responsible for the PROCESSING and PACKAGING of PROTEINS to be SECRETED to other parts of the cell.
What are LYSOSOMES and what is their function?
Lysosomes contain about 50 DIGESTIVE ENZYMES and are responsible for the DIGESTION/BREAKDOWN of NON FUNCTIONING ORGANELLES and SPLIT COMPLEX CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS into SIMPLER ONES
What is the role of the VACUOLE and where are they found?
The main role of the Vacuole in PLANT CELLS is to MAINTAIN the TURGOR PRESSURE of the cell. They are also found in ANIMAL CELLS where they STORE NUTRIENTS
What is the difference between the VACUOLE in Plant and Animal Cells?
A mature plant cell contains ONE LARGE VACUOLE, whilst an animal cell contains ONE TO MANY SMALL VACUOLES
What is are CHLOROPLASTS composed of?
Chloroplasts are composed of a DOUBLE MEMBRANE, as well as a THIRD MEMBRANE found INSIDE THE ORGANELLE. They contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL
What is the role of CHLOROPLASTS?
CHLOROPLASTS are involved in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS as they contain the green pigment CHLOROPHYLL which absorbs sunlight
What is the role of the CELL WALL and what is it composed of?
The CELL WALL provides SUPPORT for a plant cell. It is made of CELLULOSE.
What is the role of the NUCLEUS?
The NUCLEUS is the CONTROL CENTRE of the cell. It CONTAINS the CHROMOSOMES and DNA.
