Cell Organelles Flashcards
What is a nucleus
The double membrane-bound organelle found exclusively and in all eukaryotes that contains chromosomes within its nucleolus that serve to instruct and control the cell; Command centre of the cell.
What are mitochondrion
The membrane-bound organelle that is found in most eukaryotes that generates the majority of the chemical energy needed to power the cells biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondrion is stored as ATP; Powerhouse of the cell.
What are Chloroplasts
The double membrane-bound organelle exclusive to eukaryotes found within the cells of all plants, the majority of algae and certain protists that performs photosynthesis; which involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose by the usage of light energy; The battery charger of the cell.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
The membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotes that consists of a complex network of tubules and sacs. It plays a critical role in the synthesis of proteins, lipids and other molecule, as well as in the transport and modification of substances. It consists of two variants the rough ER which is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins, often for secretion or integration into membranes and the smooth ER which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification and calcium storage; The assembly line of the cell.
What is the golgi apparatus
The membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotes that is responsible for modifying sorting and packaging proteins and lipids recieved from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies proteins, processes lipids and sorts molecules into vesicles (membrane-bound sacs) for transport to destinations like the cell membrane, lysosomes or secretion outside the cell. It consists of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae, and plays a key role in intracellular trafficking and cell communication; The post office of the cell.
What is a ribosome
The non-membrane bound organelle found in every organism that is made from rRNA and proteins for the purpose of synthesising proteins through the process of translation. They read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains according to the genetic instructions. Ribosomes can either be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) where they are involved in producing proteins for intracellular use or extracellular secretion; The factory worker of the cell.
What is a lysosome
The membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotes that contains digestive enzymes for the purpose of degrading excess or worn-out cell parts for recycling or for some waste substances exocytosis and is the desination of molecular, particle or fluids entering the cell in endocytosis through vesicles. They may also be used to destroy invading bacteria; The recycling plant of the cell.
What is a vacuoles
The double-membrane bound organelle found in all types of cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste, maintains turgor pressure in plant cells, regulates water balance in protists, and aids in storage and transport in animal cells; The warehouse of the cell.
What is the cytoskeleton
The non membrane-bound organelle that is found in all eukaryotes that is a dynamic network of protein filaments (microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, enables extracelular transport, facilitates cell division and drives cell movement; The skeleton of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm
The non membrane-bound fluid-filled region found in all living things that extends from the cell membrane (plasma membrane) to the nuclear membrane and includes the organelles within it. It consists mostly of water aswell as molecules and enzymes that are crucial in the breakdown of waste; The ground of the cell.
What is the plasma membrane (Cell Membrane)
The biological membrane found in all living things that encloses the cytoplasm and seperates the cell interior from the outside enviroment. In bacterial and plant cells it is anchored to a cell wall from the inside; The checkpoint of the cell.
What is the cell wall
The rigid outer layer found in plants as cellulose, fungi as chitin, bacteria as peptidoglycan and in some archaea. It serves as a structural support and protective barrier and in plants as a regulator of the cells water intake; The border wall of the cell.
