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Cell Organelles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A
  • have nucleus
  • membrane-bound organelles
  • multicellular organisms (animals, plant, fungi)
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2
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

A
  • no nucleus
  • no membrane-bound organelles
  • unicellular organisms (eubacteria and archaebacteria)
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3
Q

Function of cells

A
  • make proteins
  • make more cells for growth and repair damages cells
  • make energy
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4
Q

Cell surface membrane

A
  • hydrophillic and polar head
  • hydrophobic and non-polar tail
  • controls what goes in and out if the cell
  • receives signals from other cells
  • composed of lipids and proteins
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5
Q

Structure of cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like substance which holds the organelles in place

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7
Q

Vacuoles and vesicles

A
  • food and water storage
  • cell transportation
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8
Q

Structure of vacuoles and vesicles

A

Membrane sac

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9
Q

Different types of vacuole

A

Plant: central permanent vacuole
Animal: food vacuole
Protist: contractile vacuole

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10
Q

Tonoplast

A
  • membrane surrounding central vacuole
  • semipermeable
  • regulates turgor pressure inside vacuoles
  • fluid content in vacuole: cell sap
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11
Q

Lysosome

A
  • digest food
  • clean up and recycle broken organelles
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12
Q

Structure of lysosome

A
  • membrane sac
  • spherical vesicles
  • hydrolitic enzymes
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13
Q

Where is lysosome produced

A

Golgi apparatus or rough er

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14
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • make atp energy from cellular respiration
  • 70s ribosome
  • circular DNA
  • found in plant and animal cell
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15
Q

Structure of mitochondria

A

Double membrane

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • plant cell only
  • contains chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments
  • 70s ribosomes
  • circular dna
17
Q

Structure of chloroplast

A
  • inner membrane: forms lamellae/thylakoids
  • outer membrane: forms continuous boundary
  • thylakoids: fluid-filledsacs
  • grana: thylakoids stacked up together
  • stroma: fluid outside thylakoid
18
Q

Chloroplost us the site for photosynthesis, explain more about it

A

1) light-dependent stage: in thylakoids and split H2O
2) light-indenpendent stage (Calvin Cycle): in stroma and converts co2 to sugar

19
Q

Cell wall

A

Structural layer surrounding cells outside of cell membrane
- strength and protection
- structure and support
- filters what comes in and out of cell
- storage and regulates growth

20
Q

Plasmodemata

A

Cytoplasmic connections between cells
- transport, communication and signalling between cells
- apoplastic pathway: through cell walla
- symplastic pathway: through cytoplasm

21
Q

Nucleus

A
  • control center of cell
  • protects DNA
22
Q

Structure of nucleus

A
  • nuclear envelope (seperates nucleus from other cells)
  • nucleolus (produces ribosomes)
  • chromosomes (contains DNA)
23
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • protein synthesis
  • read instructions to build protein from DNA
24
Q

Structure of ribosomes

A
  • some free in cytoplasm
  • some attached to er
25
Q

2 types of ribosomes

A

1) 70s (found in prokayotes
2) 80s (found in eukaryotes, er)

26
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • help complete protein after ribosomes build them
  • make membrane
27
Q

Structure of endoplasmic reticulum

A

1) rough er: ribosomes attached, work on proteins, produces vesicles
2) smooth er: makes membranes, lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates

28
Q

Golgi apparatus

A
  • finishes, sorts, labels, and ships proteins in vesicles
29
Q

Structure of golgi apparatus

A
  • membrane sacs
30
Q

Centrioles

A
  • help coordinate cell division
  • only animal cell
  • formation of cillia and flagella
31
Q

Structure of centrioles

A

One pair in each cell

32
Q

Microtubules

A
  • eukaryotic cells
  • composed of protein tubulin
  • plays huge role in movement within cell
  • nucleic and cell division
  • organization of intracellular structures
  • intracellular transport
  • ciliary
  • flagellar motility
33
Q

Difference between cilia and flagella

A

Cillia has lots of small hair-like structure, while flagella has a long hair structure

34
Q

Single membrane organelles

A
  • golgi body
  • er
  • lysosome
  • vacuoles
35
Q

Double membrane organelles

A
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • chloroplast
36
Q

Virus

A
  • non-cellular
37
Q

Structure of virus

A
  • nucleic acid core (DNA/RNA)
  • capsid made of protein
  • outer envelope made of phospholipids

bio (2 decks)

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