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Cell Membrane And Transport Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A
  • regulate transport of solutes
  • detect and transmit electrical and chemical signals
  • site of specific proteins with specific functions
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2
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is composed of a single layer of lipids.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is primarily made up of ______ and proteins.

A

phospholipids

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4
Q

What model describes the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model

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5
Q

Which type of transport does not require energy?

A

Passive transport

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6
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.

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7
Q

True or False: Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the process by which cells take in large particles called?

A

Endocytosis

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9
Q

Which type of protein helps transport substances across the cell membrane?

A

Transport proteins

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10
Q

What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A

Diffusion

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a semi-permeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

A

cell membrane

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12
Q

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?

A

Facilitated diffusion requires specific transport proteins.

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13
Q

True or False: Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

A

To facilitate water transport.

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15
Q

Which type of solution causes a cell to swell?

A

Hypotonic solution

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16
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The phospholipid bilayer is composed of hydrophilic ______ and hydrophobic ______.

A

heads; tails

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18
Q

What are glycoproteins and glycolipids important for?

A

Cell recognition and communication.

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19
Q

Which ion is often actively transported out of cells?

A

Sodium (Na+)

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20
Q

What does it mean if a cell is in a hypertonic solution?

A

The solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell.

21
Q

What is the primary role of receptor proteins in the cell membrane?

A

To bind to signaling molecules and initiate a cellular response.

22
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is impermeable to all substances.

A

False

23
Q

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump?

A

To maintain the electrochemical gradient by pumping sodium out and potassium in.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ transport requires energy in the form of ATP.

A

Active

25
Q

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

A

There is no net movement of water; the cell remains the same size.

26
Q

What type of molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer?

A

Small, nonpolar molecules.

27
Q

Which process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane?

A

Phagocytosis

28
Q

Difference between glycoprotein and glycolipid

A

Glycoprotein: oligasaccharide attached to protein
Glycolipid: attached to lipid

29
Q

Fluidity of membranes refers to the … of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

A

Viscosity

30
Q

What does temperature got to do with membrane fluidity

A

Increase in temp: increase in fluidity, melt
Decrease in temp: opp

31
Q

What does an increase in length of fatty acid chain got to do with fluidity of the membrane

A

Increase length, increase optimum temp, decrease fluidity
Decrease length, decrease optimum temp, increase fluidity

32
Q

What has transition temp got to do with fluidity of the membrane

A

Temp>Tm: more fluid
Temp<Tm: less fluid

33
Q

What has number of double bonds got to do with fluidity of the membrane

A

More double bond: more fluid
Less double bond: opp

34
Q

Difference between active and passive transport

A

Active: uses atp, low-high concentration
Passive: no atp, high-low concentration

35
Q

Example of passive transport

A

Diffusion

36
Q

Example of active transport

A

Bulk transport (endocytosis, exocytosis)

37
Q

What is simple diffusion

A

Movement of small and polar molecules from high-low concentration

38
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

(Simple Diffusion) + big polar molecules

39
Q

Features of facilitated diffusion

A
  • ion channels: channel proteins allow specific ions to pass through
    Gated channels (open when there is a stimulus and protein change shape)
  • ligand-gated: ligand
  • voltage-gated: change in electrical charge diff across membrane
40
Q

Factors affecting rate of diffusion

A
  • increase concentration gradient, increase speed diffusion
  • increase temp, increase speed diffusion
  • decrease molecule diameter, increase speed diffusion
  • decrease membrane thickness, increase speed diffusion
  • more surface area, faster diffusion
41
Q

What is osmosis

A

Movement of water across cell membrane

42
Q

What is water potential

A

Measure of potential energy of water

43
Q

Water potential factors

A
  • dilute solution: high concentration of water molecules, high water potential
  • concentrated: opp
44
Q

What does it mean when a solution is hypotonic

A

Solution has lower concentration of solute than cell

45
Q

What is meant by a hypertonic solution

A

Solution has higher concentration of solute than cell

46
Q

What is meant by an isotonic solution

A

Same solute concentration

47
Q

Stages of cell signalling

A
  1. Secretion of ligands
  2. Transport of ligands to target cell
  3. Ligands binding to cell surface receptor on target cells
48
Q

What are the 2 types of receptors

A
  1. Intracellular: hydrophobic ligands, lipid-soluble
  2. Cell-surface: opp

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