Cell organelle pt 2

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

All organisms except bacteria and archaea consist of

Question 2

Basic features of all cells:

Answer 2

Plasma membrane
Semifluid substance called cytosol
Chromosomes (carry genes)
Ribosomes (make proteins)

Question 3

The plasma membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The hydrophilic phosphate regions of the phospholipids are oriented toward the aqueous external or internal environments, while the hydrophobic fatty acid regions face each other within the interior of the membrane.

Question 4

Embedded proteins in plasma membranes

Answer 4

can be hydrophilic, with charged and polar side groups, or hydrophobic, with nonpolar side groups.

Question 5

Surface area to volume ratio affects

Answer 5

he ability of a biological system to obtain necessary resources, exchange chemicals and energy with the environment.

Question 6

Cell membranes consist of a structural framework of

Answer 6

phospholipid molecules that is embedded with proteins, steroids (such as cholesterol in eukaryotes), glycoproteins, and glycolipids that can flow around the surface of the cell within the membrane

Question 7

The cell wall is an extracellular structure that

Answer 7

distinguishes plant cells from animal cells
protects the plant cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water
composed of complex carbohydrates

Question 8

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similarities

Answer 8

Enveloped by a double membrane
Contain ribosomes and DNA molecules

Question 9

The endosymbiont theory suggests that

Answer 9

eukaryotes engulfed an oxygen-using non photosynthetic prokaryotic cell
The endosymbionts evolved into mitochondria

Question 10

The cytoskeleton

Answer 10

is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
It organizes the cell’s structures by maintaining its shape and activities, anchoring many organelles

Question 11

Nucleus structure

Answer 11

Surrounded by nuclear envelope( double membrane) has nuclear pores, nuclear envelope continuous with endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)

Question 12

Nuclear envelope

Answer 12

each membrane consists of a lipid bilayer

Question 13

Nucleus function

Answer 13

Has chromosomes, which are
made of chromatin (DNA and pro-
twins); contains nucleoli, where
ribosomal subunits are made; pores
regulate entry and exit of materials

Question 14

Surface area-to-volume ratios

Answer 14

affect the ability of a biological system to obtain necessary resources, eliminate waste products, acquire or dissipate thermal energy, and otherwise exchange chemicals and energy with the environment.

Question 15

Surface area-to-volume ratios . A These limitations

Answer 15

can restrict cell size and shape. Smaller cells typically have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio and more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 16

b. As cells increase in volume

Answer 16

, the relative
surface area decreases and the demand for
internal resources increases.

Question 17

c. More complex cellular structures
(e.g., membrane folds) are necessary

Answer 17

to adequately exchange materials with
he environment.

Question 18

d. As organisms increase in size,

Answer 18

their surface
area-to-volume ratio decreases, affecting
properties like rate of heat exchange with
the environment.

Question 19

he plasma membrane i

Answer 19

is a selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell