Cell modification Flashcards
- epidermal extension
- cell extensions used for movement and feeding
- injection
- sensing/detection of changes in environment
- commonly present in amoeba
- They also help in sensing targets which can then be
engulfed made up of actin filaments, microtubules and
intermediate filaments
Pseudopods
- hair like structures on the surface of epithelial
- present in the fallopian tube, protozoa, respiratory tract
- rapid back and forth movement
- made up of microtubules (central core = axoneme)
Cilia
- maintain the physical association between cells
- Preserve tissue integrity by linking cells and connecting to
actin filaments
Adherens junction
Basal modification cell that is present in skin epidermis lymphatic endothelial cells
Desmosomes
- sa small intestine
- increase the absorptive capacity for nutrients
- has lacteal (tiny lymphatic vessels that absorb fatty acids and glycerol
Villi
intercellular adhesion complexes (predominantly two
proteins called claudins and occludins) in epithelia and
endothelia
Tight junction
composed of two connexons, also known as hemichannels
that line up across the intercellular space.
Gap junction
A type of cell modification that is found on the apical surface of the cell. Functions may include secretion, absorption,
movement of luminal contents, locomotion, sensing, and in some organisms, ingestion
Apical Modification
- anchoring sites for ropelike intermediate filaments, which
form a structural framework of great tensile strength - act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells,
connecting them - maintain the cells in a sheet-like formation in organs and
tissues that stretch, such as the skin, heart, and muscles. - Offer a little bit of space for stress release.
Desmosomes
Lateral Modification that is present in:
- epithelia, nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth
muscle (such as that of the intestines).
Gap junction
Lateral modification cell that are present in:
- organs (such as skin), blood vessels, and cavities.
- Bladder and intestine
Tight junction
Function : Mainly Locomotion
Flagella
cellular respiration - CO2 - water and CO2 - carbonic acid - release ions in matrix - easy absorption of roots
Root hair
- Establish cellular stability, anchorage of cell in basement membrane
- Functions similarly to desmosomes but it specifically
attaches the cell to the basement membrane - Consists of integrin
Hemidesmosomes