Cell modification Flashcards

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1
Q
  • epidermal extension
  • cell extensions used for movement and feeding
  • injection
  • sensing/detection of changes in environment
  • commonly present in amoeba
  • They also help in sensing targets which can then be
    engulfed made up of actin filaments, microtubules and
    intermediate filaments
A

Pseudopods

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2
Q
  • hair like structures on the surface of epithelial
  • present in the fallopian tube, protozoa, respiratory tract
  • rapid back and forth movement
  • made up of microtubules (central core = axoneme)
A

Cilia

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3
Q
  • maintain the physical association between cells
  • Preserve tissue integrity by linking cells and connecting to
    actin filaments
A

Adherens junction

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4
Q

Basal modification cell that is present in skin epidermis lymphatic endothelial cells

A

Desmosomes

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5
Q
  • sa small intestine
  • increase the absorptive capacity for nutrients
  • has lacteal (tiny lymphatic vessels that absorb fatty acids and glycerol
A

Villi

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6
Q

intercellular adhesion complexes (predominantly two
proteins called claudins and occludins) in epithelia and
endothelia

A

Tight junction

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7
Q

composed of two connexons, also known as hemichannels
that line up across the intercellular space.

A

Gap junction

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8
Q

A type of cell modification that is found on the apical surface of the cell. Functions may include secretion, absorption,
movement of luminal contents, locomotion, sensing, and in some organisms, ingestion

A

Apical Modification

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9
Q
  • anchoring sites for ropelike intermediate filaments, which
    form a structural framework of great tensile strength
  • act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells,
    connecting them
  • maintain the cells in a sheet-like formation in organs and
    tissues that stretch, such as the skin, heart, and muscles.
  • Offer a little bit of space for stress release.
A

Desmosomes

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10
Q

Lateral Modification that is present in:
- epithelia, nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth
muscle (such as that of the intestines).

A

Gap junction

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11
Q

Lateral modification cell that are present in:
- organs (such as skin), blood vessels, and cavities.
- Bladder and intestine

A

Tight junction

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12
Q

Function : Mainly Locomotion

A

Flagella

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

cellular respiration - CO2 - water and CO2 - carbonic acid - release ions in matrix - easy absorption of roots

A

Root hair

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15
Q
  • Establish cellular stability, anchorage of cell in basement membrane
  • Functions similarly to desmosomes but it specifically
    attaches the cell to the basement membrane
  • Consists of integrin
A

Hemidesmosomes

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16
Q
  • Physical linkage like adherens junction, but much more stable
  • provide mechanical strength to mechanically stressed tissues like skin and heart muscle
  • cell to another cell anchorage
A

Desmosomes

17
Q

cadherins in the plasma membrane connect to
intermediate filaments

A

Desmosomes

18
Q

Present in ciliates like Paramecium and Balantidium, mammalian
oviduct (respiratory tract: lungs, trachea, paranasal sinus
mucosa, primary bronchus)

A

Cilia

19
Q

Basal Modifications types

A

Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Basal Infoldings

20
Q
  • present in mitochondria
  • increase surface area for ion transport
  • support the epithelium and also functions as a passive molecular sieve or ultrafilter
A

Basal infoldings

21
Q

Present in:
- Sperm cell (spermatozoa- only flagellated cell in human
body)
- Mastigophora: Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Giardia
leishmania
- also occur on the g
ametes of algae, fungi, mosses and
slime molds

A

Flagella

22
Q
  • Just below tight junctions; epithelial tissues
A

Adherens junction

23
Q

Apical Modification types

A

Villi
Cilia
Flagella
Root Hair
Pseudopods

24
Q
  • Form the border between the apical and basolateral cell
    surface domains
  • establish a barrier that prevents extracellular fluid across a
    layer of epithelial cells.
  • Prevents leakage of the contents
  • important in bladder and intestine
A

Tight junction

25
Q
  • move mammalian ova through oviducts
  • clean debris from the respiratory systems of mammals
  • locomotion (for protozoa)
A

Cilia

26
Q
  • One-cell thick to increase the diffusion rate
  • Has blood capillary that absorbs glucose and amino acids
A

Villi

27
Q
  • Has cadherin receptors that bridge the neighboring plasma
    membranes
A

Adherens junction

28
Q

Lateral Modifications (intercellular connections) types

A

Tight junction
Adherens junction
Gap junction

29
Q
  • same composition with cilia, but longer
  • Tail-like projections that protrude from the cell body
  • Bundle of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two
    central microtubules
A

Flagella

30
Q

life span of root hair

A

several days/weeks

31
Q

Provides a short distance for the diffusion of food
molecules in the blood

A

Villi

32
Q
  • same with villi/microvilli (increase area for absorption
  • aid in plant acquisition, anchorage, and microbe interactions (micro interactions)
A

Root hair

33
Q

prevent urine from going out sa bladder

A

Sphincters

34
Q
  • allows intercellular components to pass through between cells
  • allow for electrical communication between cells, and also
    allow the passage of small second messengers.
  • when heart cells need to beat in unison, it allows for the transmission of electrical signals between the cells.
A

Gap junction