Cell Membrane Transport

Question 1

Hydrophobic

Answer 1

Regions within the cell environment that are water fearing

Nonpolar lipids

Question 2

Hydrophilic

Answer 2

Regions outside or the cell tend to be water loving

Polar

Question 3

2 Cellular Membranes

Answer 3

1. Outer plasma membrane that allows substances into and out of the cell
2. Inner cell membrane that keeps the organelles and cell structures in place

Question 4

Passive Transport

Answer 4

Occurs because of differences in concentrations inside and outside of the cell (NO cellular energy required)
*Concentration gradients

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

Substances moved against concentration gradients (REQUIRES cellular energy)

Question 6

Hypotonic

Answer 6

A solution inside a cell that has more solvent than solute

Water moves into the cell, cell could burst

Question 7

Hypertonic

Answer 7

A solution inside a cell that has more solute than solvent (turgor pressure)
Water moves out of the cell, cell shrinks

Question 8

Isotonic

Answer 8

A solution inside the cell that has the same concentration as the solution outside of the cell

Question 9

Facillitated Diffusion

Answer 9

Carrier proteins transport substances (polar) across concentration gradients

Question 10

Endocytosis

Answer 10

Material to be taken into the cell is enveloped in a portion of the cell membrane to produce a vacuole
Taking substances into the cell

Question 11

Exocytosis

Answer 11

Material is transported out of the cell as a vacuole fuses with the cell membrane

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

Uptake of solids (cell eating)

Question 13

Pinocytosis

Answer 13

Uptake of liquid droplets (cell drinking)

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

Movement of particles to fill a space equally due to second law of thermodynamics

Question 15

Semipermeable membrane

Answer 15

(All cell membranes) allows only certain substances to pass

Question 16

Plasmolysis

Answer 16

When the internal membrane of a cell collapses due to an internal decrease in pressure. External environment is hypertonic versus an internal hypotonic environment

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

Diffusion of water

Question 18

Cell membrane structure

Answer 18

Fluid mosaic with a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

Have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 20

Channel Protein

Answer 20

Form small openings for molecules to diffuse through

Question 21

Carrier Proteins

Answer 21

Binding site on protein surface “grabs” certain molecules and pulls them into the cell

Question 22

Gated Proteins

Answer 22

Similar to carrier proteins (not always open)

Question 23

Glycolipids (Carbohydrates)

Answer 23

Signal molecules, lipid with carbohydrates attached

Question 24

Glycoproteins (Carbohydrates)

Answer 24

Have a chain of sugar (antibodies) protein with carbohydrate attached

Question 25

Simple Diffusion

Answer 25

Water, oxygen, and other molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, down a concentration gradient

Question 26

Tonicity

Answer 26

(Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic)

Question 27

Contractile Vacuoles

Answer 27

Found in freshwater microorganisms

They pump out excess water

Question 28

Turgor Pressure

Answer 28

Occurs in plant cells as their central vacuoles fill the water
Osmotic uptake of water for plant use

Question 29

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 29

Pumps out 3 sodium’s for every 2 potassium’s taken in against gradient

Question 30

Endocytosis (Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis)

Answer 30

Taking substances into the cell

Question 31

Clathrin

Answer 31

A protein that stabilizes the membrane and pulls it inward, to surround a particle