Cell Membrane Transport

Question 1

Exocytosis

Answer 1

When materials leave the cell by the membrane “spitting it out”

Question 2

Phagocytosis

Answer 2

The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte (e.g. macrophage) to form a phagosome (or food vacuole), which in turn fuse with lysosome and become phagolysosome where the engulfed material is eventually digested or degraded and either released extracellularly via exocytosis, or released intracellularly to undergo further processing.

Question 3

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 3

Contractile vacuole

a specialized vacuole of eukaryote cells, especially protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of a permanent narrow neck. Function is probably osmoregulatory.

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

1. Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 5

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 5

Transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by means of a carrier molecule. Since

Question 6

Plasmolysis

Answer 6

The shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss from osmosis, thereby resulting in gaps between the cell wall and cell membrane.

Question 7

Vesicle

Answer 7

(cell biology) A bubble-like membranous structure that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell; an intracellular membranous sac that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer.

Question 8

Concentration Gradient

Answer 8

1. a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.

Question 9

Equilibrium

Answer 9

The condition in which all acting influences are balanced or canceled by equal opposing forces, resulting in a stable system.

Question 10

Turgor Pressure

Answer 10

The pressure exerted by water inside the cell against the cell wall.

Question 11

Phagocyte

Answer 11

Any of the cells specialized in engulfing and destroying foreign particles, as well as in removing waste particles and cell debris

Question 12

Endocytosis

Answer 12

A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane.

Question 13

Ion Channel

Answer 13

A single protein or protein complex that traverses the lipid bilayer of cell membrane and form a channel to facilitate the movement of ions through the membrane according to their electrochemical gradient

Question 14

Cytolysis

Answer 14

(2) The degeneration or dissolution of cell caused by the disruption of cell membrane.

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

Having equal tension.

Question 16

Hypotonic

Answer 16

having a lesser degree of tone or tension, as in a ‘hypotonic muscle’ (out)

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

Having a greater degree of tone or tension. (In)

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

1. The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.

Question 19

Passive Transport

Answer 19

A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 20

Active Transport

Answer 20

A kind of transport wherein ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient, which means movement in the direction opposite that of diffusion – or – movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Hence, this process will require expenditure of energy, and the assistance of a type of protein called a carrier protein.

Question 21

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 21

sodium-potassium pump n.
The enzyme-based mechanism that maintains correct cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium ions by removing excess ions from inside a cell and replacing them with ions from outside the cell.

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane.

Question 23

Pinocytosis

Answer 23

A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down contents.

Question 24

Carrier Protein

Answer 24

A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane.