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Cell Mol: Exam 2 > Cell Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Allow cells to create and maintain different environments across a cell membrane

A

Selective permeability and regulated transport

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2
Q

membrane lipids allow unlimited passage of some substances but limited or no passage of other substances

A

selective permeability

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3
Q

movement from a region of [Higher concentration] to a region of [Lower concentration]

A

diffusion

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4
Q

The point where forward and backward reactions occur at the same time

A

Equilibrium

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5
Q

Equilibrium occurs when there is____

A

no movement, concentrations are equal

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6
Q

Types of Passive Transport

A

-Simple Diffusion
-Facilitated Diffusion

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7
Q

Type of Passive Transport:
-Used by small hydrophobic molecules (and water)
-molecules go directly through plasma membrane

A

Simple diffusion

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8
Q

Type of Passive Transport:
-Used by large hydrophilic molecules
-molecule goes through transport proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

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9
Q

Transport Protein:
-Specific binding of solute
-Requires a confirmation change
-Hundreds or thousands transported per second

A

Carriers

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9
Q

Determines Direction of Transport:
-no energy added
-downhill
-[Higher] to [Lower]
-Driving force determined only by the direction of the electrochemical gradient

A

Passive Transport

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10
Q

Transport Protein:
-Hydrophilic pores; no specific binding to molecules
-allows rapid movement of ions and water
-millions or billions transported per second

A

Channels

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10
Q

“Electro”- charge distribution
“Chemical”- concentration gradient

A

Electrochemical gradient

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11
Q

Determines Direction of Transport:
-energy added
-uphill
-[Lower] to [Higher]
-Driving force is input energy

A

Active Transport

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11
Q

Passive diffusion of water across membrane

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

Osmosis:
Water molecules move from areas ____ to _____ concentrations

A

high to low

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12
Q

Osmosis:
Rapid movement of water occurs through “water channels” or ____

A

aquaporins

13
Q

Osmosis:
Water is slowed down due to _____

A

polarity

14
Q

Osmosis:
Water always moves towards ______ solute concentration

A

higher

15
Q

Passive Water Movement:
-Solutions around cell has the same solute as inside cell
-equilibrium

A

isotonic

16
Q

Passive Water Movement:
-solution around cell has a lower solute concentration outside than inside cell
-Net movement of h2o into the cell

A

hypotonic

17
Q

Passive Water Movement:
-solution around the cell has a higher solute concentration than inside cell
-Net movement of h2o is out the cell

A

hypertonic

18
Q

Channels maybe “gated” to control transport
-Ligand Gated
-Electrically Gated
-Mechanically Gated

A

facilitated diffusion

19
Q

-Some transport proteins can move more than one substance at a time
-Can be both passive or active

A

Contransport

20
Q

-uses cellular energy to transport substances against their gradients
-only carried
-NEVER channels

A

active transport

21
Q

allows cells to generate and maintain different concentrations of substances across membrane

A

active transport

22
Q

Energy, usually from ATP hydrolysis, is used to pump something across a
membrane to a region of higher
concentration

A

active transport

23
Q

When ions are transported, + and –
charges can be symmetrically
separated

A

active transport

24
Q

Large molecules, such as proteins and
polysaccharides, move by

A

bulk transport

25
Q

Types of Bulk Transport?

A

-Exocytosis
-Endocytosis

26
Q

Bulk Transport:
Secretion (release of material)

A

exocytosis

27
Q

Bulk Transport:
Mechanism for bringing material into the
cell (Uptake of Material)

A

endocytosis

28
Q
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
A

Kinds of endocytosis

29
Q

Types of Endocytosis:
- cellular eating
- cell engulfs material into a vesicle

A

phagocytosis

30
Q

Types of Endocytosis:
- Cellular Drinking
- “Gulp” of fluid taken into vesicle
- Nonspecific uptake of solubilized material

A

pinocytosis

31
Q

Types of Endocytosis:
- Brings specific molecules into cells
- Ligands bind to specific receptors

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Cell Mol: Exam 2 (8 decks)

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