Cell membrane - Active transport

Question 1

Talk about the Na+/K+ pump

Answer 1

this pump is present in every cell of the human body. it helps to maintain the electrochemical gradient by pumping 3 Na+ to outside the cell and bring 2 K+ inside the cell. is one antiport pump.

is formed by one subunit d to form a ligand site for calcium, potassium, ATP and potassium, this subunit has 4 domains. the subunit beta is attached to the membrane.

The protein structura change from E1 structure to E2 structure
E1: desphospho

Question 2

Examples of Type B ATPases pumps

Answer 2

Na+/K+, H+/K+ and Ca2+

Question 3

talk abou the 4 different types of ATP pumps

Answer 3

The type P pump is the main typo of pump in eukaryotic cells. example of this kind of pump are Na+/k+, Ca+ and H+/K+ in stomach

The type V or vacuolar, we can find it on funghi

The type F pump are present in bacterias, chloroplast,

The type ABC pump are present in bacterial membrane (for aas, sugar and peptides), they are present also in mammals, in plasma membrane, to transport in little molecules

Question 4

Extracellular and intracellular concentration of the most important ions

Answer 4

K+
intracellular 139
extracellular 4

Na+
intracellular 12
extracellular 145

Cl-
intracellular 4
extracellular 116

Note: potassium ions are more concentrate inside the cell and sodium and cloro ions have their biggest concentration outside the cell

Question 5

importance of Primary active transport

Answer 5

They are pumps that allows the passage of ions and little molecules across the membrane with ATP waste (they request energy to change their conformation) and against the concentration gradient.
Function: they maintain the right concentration of ions inside and outside the cell and also transport essential molecules to inside the cell.

They exist with leakage channels. The association between these channels and the ATPase pumps is important to maintain the concentration of ions constant across the membrane.