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Biology > Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ionic bond

A

exchange of electrons

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2
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing of electrons

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3
Q

polar covalent bond

A

even sharing of electrons

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4
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

uneven sharing of electrons

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5
Q

hydrophobic

A

water repelling/hating

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6
Q

hydrophilic

A

water attracted/loving

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7
Q

atom

A

equal number of protons and electrons; no charge

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8
Q

ion

A

atoms with different number of protons and electrons

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9
Q

isotope

A

atoms with different number of protons and neutrons

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10
Q

molecule

A

group of atoms bonded together

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11
Q

element

A

substances that cannot be broken down or simplified

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12
Q

compound

A

a combination of 2 or more elements

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13
Q

solvent

A

what dissolves solute (water)

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14
Q

solute

A

what dissolves in solvent (sugar, salt, etc)

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15
Q

solution

A

the dissolved solute in the solvent final product

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16
Q

high concentration solution

A

hypertonic, lots of solute

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17
Q

low concentration

A

hypotonic, less solute

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18
Q

lipid function

A

store energy, provide insulation, keep living things dry

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19
Q

lipid characteristics

A

fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids

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20
Q

proteins responsible for…

A

catalyzing reactions, providing structure, aiding in cell transport and signaling

21
Q

ATP

A

source of energy for active transport

22
Q

integral membrane protein

A

protein that goes all the way through the membrane

23
Q

peripheral protein

A

protein that goes partway through the membrane

24
Q

carbohydrates: glycoprotein

A

carbohydrate attached to a protein

25
Q

carbohydrates: glycolipid

A

carbohydrate attached to a lipid

26
Q

why does nonpolar covalent=hydrophobic

A

water’s weak hydrogen bonds don’t bond well with nonpolar even sharing of electrons

27
Q

why does polar covalent=hydrophilic

A

they bond well with hydrogen bond

28
Q

cholesterol

A

hydrophobic lipid, helps with fluidity

29
Q

why do phospholipids form a bilayer in a water-based environment?

A

the tails are hydrophobic and heads are hydrophilic so tails so in and heads go out to bond

30
Q

what attraction holds the membrane together?

A

hydrogen bond

31
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

portrays fluidity of membrane (how things move within membrane

32
Q

why does flexibility allow better stability

A

can change shape to adapt to environment, can absorb outside force better

33
Q

semipermeable membrane

A

only lets certain molecules through

34
Q

why can small hydrophobic molecules cross the membrane?

A

they are water-hating like the inside of the membrane

35
Q

why do hydrophilic molecules use protein channels, protein carriers, or vesicles

A

they are water-loving, unlike the inside of the membrane

36
Q

passive v active

A

passive=no energy, active=energy

37
Q

simple diffusion

A

molecules from high conc to low

38
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

movement across membrane through proteins

39
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water across the membrane

40
Q

hypertonic

A

high solute conc

41
Q

hypotonic

A

low solute conc

42
Q

isotonic

A

equal solute

43
Q

active transport pump

A

use ATP to move across membrane to high conc

44
Q

endocytosis

A

vesicles transport into cell

45
Q

exocytosis

A

vesicles transport out of cell

46
Q

ligand

A

binds to receptor to create reaction

47
Q

receptor

A

ligand binds to it to create reaction

48
Q

pinocytosis

A

transport of small molecules

49
Q

phagocytosis

A

transport of large molecules

Biology (5 decks)

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