Cell Membrane

Question 1

ionic bond

Answer 1

exchange of electrons

Question 2

covalent bond

Answer 2

sharing of electrons

Question 3

polar covalent bond

Answer 3

even sharing of electrons

Question 4

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 4

uneven sharing of electrons

Question 5

hydrophobic

Answer 5

water repelling/hating

Question 6

hydrophilic

Answer 6

water attracted/loving

Question 7

atom

Answer 7

equal number of protons and electrons; no charge

Question 8

ion

Answer 8

atoms with different number of protons and electrons

Question 9

isotope

Answer 9

atoms with different number of protons and neutrons

Question 10

molecule

Answer 10

group of atoms bonded together

Question 11

element

Answer 11

substances that cannot be broken down or simplified

Question 12

compound

Answer 12

a combination of 2 or more elements

Question 13

solvent

Answer 13

what dissolves solute (water)

Question 14

solute

Answer 14

what dissolves in solvent (sugar, salt, etc)

Question 15

solution

Answer 15

the dissolved solute in the solvent final product

Question 16

high concentration solution

Answer 16

hypertonic, lots of solute

Question 17

low concentration

Answer 17

hypotonic, less solute

Question 18

lipid function

Answer 18

store energy, provide insulation, keep living things dry

Question 19

lipid characteristics

Answer 19

fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids

Question 20

proteins responsible for…

Answer 20

catalyzing reactions, providing structure, aiding in cell transport and signaling

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

source of energy for active transport

Question 22

integral membrane protein

Answer 22

protein that goes all the way through the membrane

Question 23

peripheral protein

Answer 23

protein that goes partway through the membrane

Question 24

carbohydrates: glycoprotein

Answer 24

carbohydrate attached to a protein

Question 25

carbohydrates: glycolipid

Answer 25

carbohydrate attached to a lipid

Question 26

why does nonpolar covalent=hydrophobic

Answer 26

water's weak hydrogen bonds don't bond well with nonpolar even sharing of electrons

Question 27

why does polar covalent=hydrophilic

Answer 27

they bond well with hydrogen bond

Question 28

cholesterol

Answer 28

hydrophobic lipid, helps with fluidity

Question 29

why do phospholipids form a bilayer in a water-based environment?

Answer 29

the tails are hydrophobic and heads are hydrophilic so tails so in and heads go out to bond

Question 30

what attraction holds the membrane together?

Answer 30

hydrogen bond

Question 31

fluid mosaic model

Answer 31

portrays fluidity of membrane (how things move within membrane

Question 32

why does flexibility allow better stability

Answer 32

can change shape to adapt to environment, can absorb outside force better

Question 33

semipermeable membrane

Answer 33

only lets certain molecules through

Question 34

why can small hydrophobic molecules cross the membrane?

Answer 34

they are water-hating like the inside of the membrane

Question 35

why do hydrophilic molecules use protein channels, protein carriers, or vesicles

Answer 35

they are water-loving, unlike the inside of the membrane

Question 36

passive v active

Answer 36

passive=no energy, active=energy

Question 37

simple diffusion

Answer 37

molecules from high conc to low

Question 38

facilitated diffusion

Answer 38

movement across membrane through proteins

Question 39

osmosis

Answer 39

movement of water across the membrane

Question 40

hypertonic

Answer 40

high solute conc

Question 41

hypotonic

Answer 41

low solute conc

Question 42

isotonic

Answer 42

equal solute

Question 43

active transport pump

Answer 43

use ATP to move across membrane to high conc

Question 44

endocytosis

Answer 44

vesicles transport into cell

Question 45

exocytosis

Answer 45

vesicles transport out of cell

Question 46

ligand

Answer 46

binds to receptor to create reaction

Question 47

receptor

Answer 47

ligand binds to it to create reaction

Question 48

pinocytosis

Answer 48

transport of small molecules

Question 49

phagocytosis

Answer 49

transport of large molecules