Cell Makeup Flashcards
unicellular
describes an organism having only one cell
multicellular
having many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.
micrometre
a length of one millionth of a metre
nano metre
a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre
nanotechnology
a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions
Prokaryotes
organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryote kingdom
eukaryote
member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells
cell membrane
structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out
cytosol
the fluid found inside cells
ribosomes
small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made
cytoplasm
the jelly-like material inside a cell.
metabolism
the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells
binary fission
reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms
Animalia
the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, but no cell wall, large vacuole or chloroplasts. ANIMALS
plantae
the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts, commonly called plants. PLANTS
fungi
the kingdom of organisms, such as mushrooms and moulds, that help to decompose dead or decaying matter. FUNGI
Protoctista
the kingdom of organisms, including algae and protozoans, that do not fit into other groups
Prokaryotae
the kingdom of organisms that consist of single cells with a nucleus not surrounded by a membrane or a cell wall, commonly called bacteria
mitochondria
small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell.
chloroplasts
oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells
cellular respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP.
photosynthesis
the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells
chlorophyll
the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water
