Cell Injury & Fate Flashcards
What are the two types of cell injury?
Lethal and sublethal
What is lethal cell injury?
Produces cell death
What is sublethal cell injury
Reversible cell damage can progress to cell death
What is an example of direct cell injury?
Myocardial infarction
How does a myocardial infarction occur?
Direct cell injury due to ischaemia, causes cell death through infarction, hypertrophy insufficiently compensates increased demand
Sub-lethally damaged cells can be recovered
What are the 8 causes of cell injury?
Oxygen deprivation, chemical agents Infectious agents Immunological agents Genetic agents Nutritional imbalance physical agents aging HICGINPA
What three factors contribute to the cellular response to injurious injury?
Severity
Duration
Type
What consequences of injurious stimuli depend upon?
Type of cell
Status
Which intracellular mechanisms are vulnerable to injury?
Cell membrane integrity
ATP generation
Protein synthesis
Integrity of the genetic apparatus
What is atrophy?
Shrinkage in the cellular size, by the loss of cell substance
What is an example of atrophy?
Dementia
Amyloid Beta, phosphorylation of tau, dissociates from the MF and accumulates into filamentous neurofibrillary tangles, reduction in neural function, apoptosis
What is hypertrophy?
Enlargement of cells, consequently resulting in an increase in size of the organ
Hypertrophy response to physiological or pathological stresses
What is hyperplasia?
An increase in the number of cells in an organ
Whatis metaplasia?
Reversible change whereby an adult type cell is replaced by another
What lines the cervix?
Squamous epithelium
What lines the internal endocervical canal?
Columnar epithelium
During cervical expansion what happens to the exposed columnar epithelial cells?
The columnar epithelium cells react to external factors (Vaginal pH) and change into squamous epithelial
These changes are reversible
What is barrets Oesophagus?
Acid reflux induces metaplasia
Squamous lined epithelium exchanged into columnar epithelium
What is dysplasia?
Precancerous cells which show genetic and cytological feature, not invading underlying tissue
Cells do not express malignancy, have not invaded the basal lamina