Cell Injury and Fate Flashcards
Define sublethal cell injury
injury not amounting to cell death may be reversible or progress to cell death
What are the causes of cell injury?
- Oxygen deprivation
- Chemicala agents
- Infectious agents
- Immunological reactions
- Genetic defects
- Nutritional imbalances
- Physical agents
- Aging
Which 4 intracellular systems are particularly vulnerable when cell is injured?
- cell membrane integrity
- ATP generation
- protein synthesis
- the integrity of the genetic apparatus
What is atrophy?
Shrinkage in the size of the cell (or organ) by the loss of cell substance
What type of cellular adaptation to injury is this?
Atrophy
What is hypertrophy?
Increase in the size of cells and consequently an increase in the size of the organ
What is hyperplasia?
An increase in the number of cells in an organ
Causes of hypertrophy?
physiological or pathological
caused either by increased functional demand or specific hormonal stimulation
Causes of physiological hyperplasia?
can be either hormonal or compensatory
Causes of pathological hyperplasia?
usually due to excessive hormonal or growth factor stimulation
What is metaplasia?
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another
What is dysplasia?
Precancerous cells which show the genetic and cytological features of malignancy but not invading the underlying tissue
What is necrosis?
Confluent cell death associated with inflammation
