Cell Injury

Question 1

Hypoxia definition and causes

Answer 1

Low oxygen delivery to tissue
Causes: isquemia, hipoxemia, decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood

Question 2

Hipoxemia definition and causes

Answer 2

Low partial pressure of O2 in blood
Causes: altitud, hiperventilación, alteración en difusión, V/Q mismatch

Question 3

What determinate whether cells got adaptation or injury?

Answer 3

1. Type of stress
2. Severity
3. Type of cell affected

Question 4

Hallmark of reversible cell injury and characteristics or examples

Answer 4

Hallmark: Cellular swelling
- Ribosomal/polysomal detachment —> disminución protein synthesis
- Plasma membrane changes (eg, blebbing)
- Nuclear changes (eg, chromatin clumping)
-Myelin figures (aggregation of peroxidized lipids)

Question 5

Hallmark of irreversible cell injury and characteristics or examples

Answer 5

Hallmark: membrane damage
*Rupture of lysosome —> autolysis
*Mitochondrial dysfunction—> loss of electron transport chain —> disminución ATP
*Breakdown of plasma membrane —> cytosolic enzymes leak outside of cell, influx of Ca2+ —> activation of degradative enzymes