Cell Injury

Question 1

What are the 4 aspects of disease process ther form pathology

Answer 1

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphological changes
Clinical manifestations

Question 2

What are the 5 adaptations of cellular growth

Answer 2

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Dysplasia

Question 3

Define hypertropy

Answer 3

Increase on cell size,occurring in terminal cells that are unable to divide thus enlarging

Question 4

What is hyperplasia

Answer 4

Increase in number of cells in an organ or tissue

Question 5

Causes of hypertrophy plus example

Answer 5

Chronic hemodynamic overload and stimulation by hormones and growth cells

Eg, massive growth of uterus during pregnancy due to overatimulation of oestrogen

Question 6

Physiology of hyperplasia 1. Hormonal, 2. Compensatory

Answer 6

1. Increase in functional capacity of a tissue when needed eg: proliferation of glandular epithelial of female breast during pregnancy
2. Increase in tissue mass after damage or partial resection

Question 7

Atrophy

Answer 7

Decrease in organ size or tissue resulting from a a decrease in cell size or number

Question 8

Physiology of atrophy
Pathology of atrophy

Answer 8

Physiology: Decrease in uterus size after birth
Pathology: Decreased workload, loss of innervation, diminished blood supply,inadequate nutrition,loss of endocrine stimulation, pressure

Question 9

What is metaplasia

Answer 9

Reversable change in which one differentiated cell type ID replaced by another cell

Question 10

6 causes of cell injury

Answer 10

Oxygen deprivation
Physical agents
Chemical agents and drugs
Infectious agents
Immunologic reactions(auto immune diseases)
Nutritional imbalances

Question 11

What are the 4 patterns of necrosis

Answer 11

Coagulative : the architecture of dead tissue
Liquefactive: characterized by transformations of the tissue into a liquid viscous usually seen in focal bacterial infections
Caseous(cheese-like) area: the necrotic area appears as a collection of fragmental or cased cellsvand glandular debris
Fat necrosis: refers to focal areas of fat destruction eg cute pancreatic
Fibrionoid nnecrosis;